The new definition of landscape, introduced by the European Convention of 2000, has fostered in the last twenty years a growing interest in the knowledge of ordinary places and territories no longer necessarily recognisable for their aesthetic values, but rather for the identity values they represent. Landscapes of production, in this sense, become an ideal field of investigation especially for research in the field of historical-architectural research on forms of living in the peripheral territories of industry. Although the relationship between production and territory has already been widely addressed by urban studies and economic literature, the territorial perimeter of the individual industrial district is still little explored, especially in the light of recent economic and social changes that have highlighted all the structural shortcomings of this model. Local areas of coexistence between settlement and agricultural systems, between residential and productive fabric, between natural ecosystems and infrastructures, industrial districts are potentially urban laboratories of design experimentation, capable of stimulating new (re)qualification opportunities. The interest of the proposed research is oriented towards the landscapes of the manufacturing districts, protagonists of the so-called Third Italy production model that, in the post-war period, developed in the central and north-eastern areas of the country. This model also characterises the Marche region, a region whose entrepreneurial fabric is based above all on small and medium-sized enterprises and on relations with local communities, both determining elements for the development of an industrialisation defined without fractures. The main question of the research begins from this acclaimed statement by the economist Giorgio Fuà: can the same definition be adopted for the transformations that have taken place in the landscape? Through the analysis of a sample territory, the research attempts to answer this question by adopting a multi-scalar survey methodology capable of providing an up-to-date reading of the local manufacturing landscape. For this purpose, the Fermo-Maceratese shoes district was chosen, which for its territorial, social and economic characteristics is unique among craft districts. From the point of view of the built heritage, the investigation focuses on the reading of the building typologies of the built fabric of the municipality of Montegranaro, the main center of footwear production, whose territorial development, both in terms of expansion and the volume of buildings, has been such as to completely distort the pre-existing landscape. The final objective of the research is therefore the reinterpretation of the apparent chaos that characterises the artisanal district, discovering its distinctive features and as yet unexpressed cultural potential, finding new qualitative paradigms for the spaces of production in the landscape project and among the examples of contemporary factory architecture. The comparison of strategies for the protection and valorisation of cultural landscapes with the new landscapes of culture districts suggests, finally, an alternative vision for the territories of production in which the relationship between companies, community and territory is finally the generator of a new cultural identity capable of overcoming the anonymous and degrading narrative often still associated with the landscape of industrial districts.
La nuova definizione del paesaggio, introdotta dalla Convenzione Europea del 2000, ha favorito negli ultimi vent’anni un crescente interesse verso la conoscenza di luoghi e territori del quotidiano non più necessariamente riconoscibili per le loro valenze estetiche, piuttosto per i valori identitari che essi rappresentano. I paesaggi della produzione, in questo senso, diventano un campo di indagine ideale soprattutto per le ricerche in ambito storico-architettonico sulle forme dell’abitare nei territori periferici dell’industria. Sebbene la relazione tra produzione e territorio sia già stata ampiamente affrontata dagli studi urbani e dalla letteratura economica, il perimetro territoriale del singolo distretto industriale risulta ancora poco esplorato soprattutto alla luce dei recenti cambiamenti economici e sociali che hanno evidenziato tutte le carenze strutturali di questo modello. Ambiti locali di coesistenza tra sistema insediativo e agricolo, tra tessuto residenziale e produttivo, tra ecosistemi naturali e infrastrutture, i distretti industriali sono potenzialmente dei laboratori urbani di sperimentazioni progettuali, capaci di stimolare nuove opportunità di (ri)qualificazione. L’interesse della ricerca proposta si orienta, in particolare, verso i paesaggi dei distretti della manifattura protagonisti di quel modello produttivo cosiddetto della Terza Italia che, nel periodo post-bellico, si sviluppa nelle aree del centro e del nord-est del Paese. Questo modello caratterizza anche le Marche, una regione il cui tessuto imprenditoriale si basa soprattutto sulla piccola e media impresa e sulle relazioni con le comunità locali, entrambi elementi determinanti per lo sviluppo di una industrializzazione definito senza fratture. Da questa conclamata affermazione dell’economista Giorgio Fuà, prende avvio l’interrogativo principale della ricerca: la stessa definizione si può adottare anche per le trasformazioni avvenute sul paesaggio? Attraverso l’analisi di un territorio-campione, la ricerca tenta di rispondere al quesito adottando una metodologia di indagine multiscalare in grado di restituire una lettura attualizzata del paesaggio manifatturiero locale. Viene scelto a tal proposito il distretto delle calzature del fermano-maceratese che per le sue caratteristiche territoriali, sociali ed economiche rappresenta un unicum fra i distretti artigianali. Dal punto di vista del patrimonio costruito, l’indagine si focalizza sulla lettura delle tipologie edilizie del tessuto edificato del comune di Montegranaro, centro principale della produzione calzaturiera il cui sviluppo territoriale, sia in termini di espansione che di volumetrie dei fabbricati, è sato tale da stravolgere completamente il paesaggio preesistente. Obiettivo finale della ricerca è quindi la reinterpretazione del caos apparente che caratterizza il distretto artigianale, scoprendone caratteri distintivi e potenziale culturale ancora inespressi, trovando nel progetto di paesaggio e fra gli esempi di architettura contemporanea della fabbrica nuovi paradigmi qualitativi per gli spazi della produzione. Il confronto delle strategie di tutela e valorizzazione dei paesaggi culturali con i nuovi paesaggi della cultura d’impresa suggerisce, infine, una visione alternativa per i territori della produzione in cui la relazione tra imprese, comunità e territorio è finalmente generatrice di una nuova identità culturale in grado di superare la narrazione, anonima e degradante, spesso associata ancora al paesaggio dei distretti industriali.
Leggere il paesaggio delle manifattura. Metodologia per un’analisi storica dei territori produttivi delle Regione Marche / Tardella, Silvia. - (2024 Jun 11).
Leggere il paesaggio delle manifattura. Metodologia per un’analisi storica dei territori produttivi delle Regione Marche
TARDELLA, SILVIA
2024-06-11
Abstract
The new definition of landscape, introduced by the European Convention of 2000, has fostered in the last twenty years a growing interest in the knowledge of ordinary places and territories no longer necessarily recognisable for their aesthetic values, but rather for the identity values they represent. Landscapes of production, in this sense, become an ideal field of investigation especially for research in the field of historical-architectural research on forms of living in the peripheral territories of industry. Although the relationship between production and territory has already been widely addressed by urban studies and economic literature, the territorial perimeter of the individual industrial district is still little explored, especially in the light of recent economic and social changes that have highlighted all the structural shortcomings of this model. Local areas of coexistence between settlement and agricultural systems, between residential and productive fabric, between natural ecosystems and infrastructures, industrial districts are potentially urban laboratories of design experimentation, capable of stimulating new (re)qualification opportunities. The interest of the proposed research is oriented towards the landscapes of the manufacturing districts, protagonists of the so-called Third Italy production model that, in the post-war period, developed in the central and north-eastern areas of the country. This model also characterises the Marche region, a region whose entrepreneurial fabric is based above all on small and medium-sized enterprises and on relations with local communities, both determining elements for the development of an industrialisation defined without fractures. The main question of the research begins from this acclaimed statement by the economist Giorgio Fuà: can the same definition be adopted for the transformations that have taken place in the landscape? Through the analysis of a sample territory, the research attempts to answer this question by adopting a multi-scalar survey methodology capable of providing an up-to-date reading of the local manufacturing landscape. For this purpose, the Fermo-Maceratese shoes district was chosen, which for its territorial, social and economic characteristics is unique among craft districts. From the point of view of the built heritage, the investigation focuses on the reading of the building typologies of the built fabric of the municipality of Montegranaro, the main center of footwear production, whose territorial development, both in terms of expansion and the volume of buildings, has been such as to completely distort the pre-existing landscape. The final objective of the research is therefore the reinterpretation of the apparent chaos that characterises the artisanal district, discovering its distinctive features and as yet unexpressed cultural potential, finding new qualitative paradigms for the spaces of production in the landscape project and among the examples of contemporary factory architecture. The comparison of strategies for the protection and valorisation of cultural landscapes with the new landscapes of culture districts suggests, finally, an alternative vision for the territories of production in which the relationship between companies, community and territory is finally the generator of a new cultural identity capable of overcoming the anonymous and degrading narrative often still associated with the landscape of industrial districts.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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