Smart Environments and Techno-centric and Human-Centric Innovations for Industry and Society 5.0: A Quintuple Helix Innovation System View Towards Smart, Sustainable, and Inclusive Solutions

The paper investigates the aviation sector, as a case in point for a Smart environment and as an example for Industry 5.0 and Society 5.0 purposes. In the smart complex environments, a systemic vision of the elements, which act and are acted within a given territory, should be the basis of a hypothesis of joint growth. Indeed, the synergies activated by the system can be seen as the product of the application of a particular knowledge-based open innovation strategy, as an orientation capable of transforming theoretical assumptions into concrete operational innovation paths. Through the evidence emerged from an important case study and the application of an MCDA methodology, we have tried to identify which are the optimal solutions for the implementation of the new human-centric logics of I5.0, analyzing them on the basis of the actual benefits for the ecosystem, going beyond the self-referential aptitude of the firm to instill technological changes and managerial visions. Knowledge circulation, dialogue between sub-systems, and the ability to adapt technology and entrepreneurial strategies to the environment in which it operates (with the users as first stakeholders) seem to be necessary practices in knowledge-based innovation, prioritization, and decision-making processes, for smart, sustainable, and inclusive solutions.