The exploitation of energy flexibility in buildings represents one of the most promising solutions to allow the transition to energy systems with a high penetration of renewable energy sources. Having a high flexible building means to be able to efficiently apply demand side management strategies (DSMs) which represent one of the main aspects characterizing the concept of Smart Grid. DMS is defined as the set of all those strategies aimed at influencing customer uses of electricity in ways that will produce desired changes in the utility’s load shape. Given the increasing electricity demand in the residential sector, especially for the diffusion of heating and cooling systems electrically powered (e.g., split systems and heat pumps), buildings show a predisposition to produce variations in the electrical demand, due to the different levels of thermal inertia already available in them (e.g., the thermal mass embedded in the envelope or dedicated devices as cold and/or hot water tank). Moreover, thanks to advanced control techniques, buildings could exploit different energy sources to satisfy their thermal requirements, while reducing withdrawals from the power grid. The work presented in this thesis fits into this context. The objective is to provide an overview of the different aspects that characterize the energy flexibility obtainable from the management of thermal and electrical loads in residential buildings equipped with heat pumps. The analysis is gradually extended from the context of the design scenario of single buildings to the operative analysis of clusters of buildings. Novel methodologies of quantification and evaluation are introduced in addition with the examination of different simulation-based case studies. In general, all the analyses allow to confirm the great potential of residential buildings in providing energy flexibility services.
Lo sfruttamento della flessibilità energetica negli edifici rappresenta una delle soluzioni più promettenti per consentire il passaggio a sistemi energetici ad alta penetrazione di rinnovabili. Disporre di un edificio flessibile significa poter applicare efficientemente strategie di gestione della domanda (Demand Side Management, DSM) che rappresentano uno degli aspetti principali caratterizzanti il concetto di Smart Grid. Il DMS è definito come l'insieme di tutte quelle strategie volte a influenzare gli usi dell'elettricità degli utenti in modo da produrre cambiamenti nella forma della loro curva di carico. Data la crescente domanda elettrica del settore residenziale, soprattutto per la diffusione di impianti di riscaldamento e raffrescamento alimentati elettricamente (es. split e pompe di calore), gli edifici mostrano una predisposizione a produrre variazioni programmate della loro domanda elettrica, grazie ai diversi livelli di inerzia termica in essi già disponibile (es. massa termica dell’involucro o dispositivi dedicati come serbatoi di acqua calda o fredda). Inoltre, grazie a tecniche di controllo avanzate, possono sfruttare diverse fonti energetiche per soddisfare i propri fabbisogni termici, riducendo al contempo i prelievi dalla rete elettrica. Il lavoro presentato in questa tesi si inserisce in questo contesto. L'obiettivo è quello di fornire un'analisi dei diversi aspetti che caratterizzano la flessibilità ottenibile dalla gestione dei carichi termici ed elettrici negli edifici residenziali dotati di pompe di calore. L'analisi si estende progressivamente dal contesto dello scenario progettuale dei singoli edifici a quello operativo degli aggregati. Nella tesi inoltre sono presentate metodologie innovative di quantificazione in aggiunta alla simulazione di diversi casi di studio. In generale, tutti i risultati consentono di confermare la potenzialità degli edifici nella fornitura di servizi di flessibilità energetica.
Energy flexibility and demand management in buildings / Mugnini, Alice. - (2021 May 28).
Energy flexibility and demand management in buildings
MUGNINI, ALICE
2021-05-28
Abstract
The exploitation of energy flexibility in buildings represents one of the most promising solutions to allow the transition to energy systems with a high penetration of renewable energy sources. Having a high flexible building means to be able to efficiently apply demand side management strategies (DSMs) which represent one of the main aspects characterizing the concept of Smart Grid. DMS is defined as the set of all those strategies aimed at influencing customer uses of electricity in ways that will produce desired changes in the utility’s load shape. Given the increasing electricity demand in the residential sector, especially for the diffusion of heating and cooling systems electrically powered (e.g., split systems and heat pumps), buildings show a predisposition to produce variations in the electrical demand, due to the different levels of thermal inertia already available in them (e.g., the thermal mass embedded in the envelope or dedicated devices as cold and/or hot water tank). Moreover, thanks to advanced control techniques, buildings could exploit different energy sources to satisfy their thermal requirements, while reducing withdrawals from the power grid. The work presented in this thesis fits into this context. The objective is to provide an overview of the different aspects that characterize the energy flexibility obtainable from the management of thermal and electrical loads in residential buildings equipped with heat pumps. The analysis is gradually extended from the context of the design scenario of single buildings to the operative analysis of clusters of buildings. Novel methodologies of quantification and evaluation are introduced in addition with the examination of different simulation-based case studies. In general, all the analyses allow to confirm the great potential of residential buildings in providing energy flexibility services.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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