The growing scientific recognition that food components, significantly influence the human health, carry out people looking for foods rich in bioactive compounds having functional effects on the prevention of nutrition-related diseases. Anyway, the level of functional compounds in foods, as well as the functional effects exerted by the food, depend on different factors. Among them, the thermal treatments applied to cook food may have positive or negative impact on food bioactive properties. The aim of the present work was to compare the impact of innovative (steam-oven; sous vide) and traditional (boiling, convection oven) cooking methods on the main bioactive compounds of vegetable (cauliflower) and animal (salmon and sardine fillets) foods. Concerning vegetable foods, two varieties (Depurple and Cheddar) of colored cauliflowers (Brassica Oleracea L. var. botrytis) were considered and the effects of different cooking procedures were evaluated on the levels of lipid-soluble (tocopherols) and hydrophilic (phenols) antioxidants and glucosinolates. As regard animal foods, the impact of cooking was assessed on bioactive compounds and oxidative status of widely consumed fish fillets: salmon and sardine. Variations in term of fatty acid profile, tocopherols (and , peroxide and TBARS values were monitored in both fillets as consequence of cooking treatments. In addition, changes of the levels of peculiar salmon antioxidant compounds (astaxanthin and coenzyme Q10 ) and of an innovative marker for oxidative status (percentage of oxidized CoQ10 on total CoQ10 amount) were evaluated in salmon fillets. Our findings highlighted that cooking treatments can induce two opposite effects on food bioactive compound concentration: a reduction of compound level as effect of thermal degradation and/or an increase of extractability of compounds as effect of matrix softening. The extents of the two opposite effects were simultaneously related to processing operative conditions, structure of food matrix and chemical nature of the specific compound.
Il crescente riconoscimento scientifico che i componenti del cibo, i quali influenzano in modo significativo la salute umana, spingono le persone alla ricerca di cibi ricchi di composti bioattivi che hanno effetti funzionali nella prevenzione delle malattie collegate al nutrimento. Comunque, il livello dei composti funzionali nei cibi, come pure gli effetti funzionali esercitati dal cibo, dipendono da diversi fattori. Fra questi, i trattamenti termici utilizzati per cuocere il cibo possono avere un impatto positivo o negativo sulle proprietà bioattive dell’alimento. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è stato quello di paragonare l’impatto di metodi di cottura innovativi (forno a vapore; sous vide) con quelli tradizionali (bollitura, forno a convezione) sui principali composti bioattivi di alimenti vegetali (cavolfiori) e animali (salmone e sardine). Per quanto riguarda gli alimenti vegetali, sono state prese in considerazione le due varietà colorate, Depurple and Cheddar di cavolfiori (Brassica Oleracea L. var. botrytis); da questi sono stati valutati gli effetti dei diversi metodi di cottura sui livelli di antiossidanti liposolubili (tocoferoli) e idrofilici (fenoli) e glucosinolati. A proposito di alimenti di origine animale, l’impatto di cottura è stato valutato sui composti bioattivi e sullo stato ossidativo dei filetti di pesce ampiamente consumati: salmone e sardina. Le variazioni del profilo degli acidi grassi, dei tocoferoli (e , dei perossidi e dei TBARS sono stati monitorati in entrambi i filetti come conseguenza dei trattamenti di cottura. Inoltre, nei filetti di salmone sono state valutate le variazioni dei livelli di particolari antiossidanti (astaxantina e coenzima Q10) e di un marker innovativo per lo stato ossidativo (percentuale di Q10 ossidato sulla quantità totale di Q10). I nostri risultati hanno messo in evidenza che i trattamenti di cottura possono portare a due effetti opposti sulla concentrazione del composto bioattivo del cibo: una riduzione come effetto della degradazione termica e/o un aumento dell’estraibilità del composto come effetto dell’ammorbidimento della matrice. I risultati dei due effetti opposti sono stati direttamente collegati alle condizioni operative di processamento, alla struttura della matrice alimentare e alla natura chimica del composto analizzato.
Effects of cooking methods on bioactive compounds of cauliflowers and fishes / Giardinieri, Alessandra. - (2020 Mar 20).
Effects of cooking methods on bioactive compounds of cauliflowers and fishes
GIARDINIERI, ALESSANDRA
2020-03-20
Abstract
The growing scientific recognition that food components, significantly influence the human health, carry out people looking for foods rich in bioactive compounds having functional effects on the prevention of nutrition-related diseases. Anyway, the level of functional compounds in foods, as well as the functional effects exerted by the food, depend on different factors. Among them, the thermal treatments applied to cook food may have positive or negative impact on food bioactive properties. The aim of the present work was to compare the impact of innovative (steam-oven; sous vide) and traditional (boiling, convection oven) cooking methods on the main bioactive compounds of vegetable (cauliflower) and animal (salmon and sardine fillets) foods. Concerning vegetable foods, two varieties (Depurple and Cheddar) of colored cauliflowers (Brassica Oleracea L. var. botrytis) were considered and the effects of different cooking procedures were evaluated on the levels of lipid-soluble (tocopherols) and hydrophilic (phenols) antioxidants and glucosinolates. As regard animal foods, the impact of cooking was assessed on bioactive compounds and oxidative status of widely consumed fish fillets: salmon and sardine. Variations in term of fatty acid profile, tocopherols (and , peroxide and TBARS values were monitored in both fillets as consequence of cooking treatments. In addition, changes of the levels of peculiar salmon antioxidant compounds (astaxanthin and coenzyme Q10 ) and of an innovative marker for oxidative status (percentage of oxidized CoQ10 on total CoQ10 amount) were evaluated in salmon fillets. Our findings highlighted that cooking treatments can induce two opposite effects on food bioactive compound concentration: a reduction of compound level as effect of thermal degradation and/or an increase of extractability of compounds as effect of matrix softening. The extents of the two opposite effects were simultaneously related to processing operative conditions, structure of food matrix and chemical nature of the specific compound.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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