Alzheimer's disease (AD) is, together with Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common form of senile dementia, characterized by progressive impairment in cognitive function and behavior. The onset of the diseases is identified by the incorrect folding and reorganization in beta sheets structures of peptides (Aβ peptide or α-synuclein respectively for AD and PD) that are normally present in cerebral tissues. These misfolded proteins accumulate generating insoluble bundle of fibrils and plaques that are considered the hallmark of the pathologies. It is well established, however, that the very onset of the disease is linked to intermediate oligomeric populations, more than mature fibrils. My PhD project concerns the study of the molecular basis of neurodegenerative disorders, to better characterize pattern and interconnections of the amyloid fibrillation process. In this thesis, the effect of molecules suspected to interfere with amyloid formation has been investigated, to identify their interrelationship mechanisms with the target proteins. The structures of the selected compounds have been analyzed, to gain a deepen view on their physiological configuration. The chosen molecules belong to different classes: the class of molecular chaperones, that are already present in the cellular environments and yet play a role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and the class of curcumin derivatives. The effect of Aβ peptide on model membranes has been analyzed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the toxic action of the peptide. My research project is thus focused on the study of the interactions between amyloidogenic proteins and different chemical and biological agents mainly by means of Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) but presents a multidisciplinary experimental approach.
La malattia di Alzheimer (AD) è, insieme al morbo di Parkinson (PD), una fra le forme più diffuse di demenza senile, caratterizzata da una progressiva compromissione della funzione e del comportamento cognitivo. L'insorgenza delle malattie viene identificata nell’errato ripiegamento in foglietti beta delle proteine che sono normalmente presenti nei tessuti cerebrali (peptide Aβ o α-sinucleina rispettivamente per AD e PD), dette strutture amiloidi. Queste proteine si accumulano generando fasci insolubili di fibrille e placche, considerate il segno distintivo delle patologie. È noto, tuttavia, che l'esordio della malattia è legato a popolazioni oligomeriche intermedie, più che a fibrille mature. Il mio progetto di dottorato riguarda lo studio delle basi molecolari dei disturbi neurodegenerativi, al fine caratterizzare meglio percorso e interconnessioni del processo di fibrillazione amiloide. In questa tesi è stato analizzato in particolare l'effetto di molecole capaci di interferire con la formazione di amiloidi, per identificare i loro meccanismi di interrelazione con le proteine bersaglio. Al fine di caratterizzarne la struttura in condizioni fisiologiche, i composti selezionati sono stati inizialmente studiati singolarmente. Successivamente per verificarne le potenzialità terapeutiche il loro effetto sul processo di aggregazione amiloide è stato oggetto di analisi. Le molecole scelte appartengono a classi diverse: la classe degli chaperoni molecolari, che sono normalmente presenti negli ambienti cellulari e svolgono un ruolo nel mantenimento dell'omeostasi cellulare e la classe dei derivati della curcuma. Inoltre, l'effetto del peptide Aβ su delle membrane del modello è stato analizzato per comprendere meglio i meccanismi alla base dell'azione tossica del peptide. Il mio progetto di ricerca è stato quindi incentrato sullo studio delle interazioni tra proteine amiloidogeniche e diversi agenti chimici e biologici principalmente tramite la tecnica dello Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS), ma presenta un approccio sperimentale multidisciplinare.
Study of amyloid proteins aggregation processes in presence of active biomolecules / Ricci, Caterina. - (2018 Sep 26).
Study of amyloid proteins aggregation processes in presence of active biomolecules
RICCI, Caterina
2018-09-26
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is, together with Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common form of senile dementia, characterized by progressive impairment in cognitive function and behavior. The onset of the diseases is identified by the incorrect folding and reorganization in beta sheets structures of peptides (Aβ peptide or α-synuclein respectively for AD and PD) that are normally present in cerebral tissues. These misfolded proteins accumulate generating insoluble bundle of fibrils and plaques that are considered the hallmark of the pathologies. It is well established, however, that the very onset of the disease is linked to intermediate oligomeric populations, more than mature fibrils. My PhD project concerns the study of the molecular basis of neurodegenerative disorders, to better characterize pattern and interconnections of the amyloid fibrillation process. In this thesis, the effect of molecules suspected to interfere with amyloid formation has been investigated, to identify their interrelationship mechanisms with the target proteins. The structures of the selected compounds have been analyzed, to gain a deepen view on their physiological configuration. The chosen molecules belong to different classes: the class of molecular chaperones, that are already present in the cellular environments and yet play a role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and the class of curcumin derivatives. The effect of Aβ peptide on model membranes has been analyzed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the toxic action of the peptide. My research project is thus focused on the study of the interactions between amyloidogenic proteins and different chemical and biological agents mainly by means of Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) but presents a multidisciplinary experimental approach.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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