The high healthy value of virgin olive oil (VOO), documented in numerous bibliographical sources, is strongly correlated to the substantial amount of phenolic antioxidants belonging to the class of minor polar compounds (MPC). Phenols compounds contribute to the stability of VOO over time, determine its characteristic bitter and pungent attributes and prevent chronic degenerative diseases. Within the oil extraction process, the malaxation step exerts a great influence on the determination of the phenyl-secoiridoid profile. Several studies suggest that the variation of time and temperature of the malaxation influence significantly the content of the hydrophilic antioxidant of VOO. During the first two years of PhD, technological solutions and possibilities relating to the steps of pre-malaxation and malaxation were evaluated, in order to verify a possible increase of the phenolic content. The samples of VOO from the different experiments were monitored during the first year of storage analyzing the phenolic profile, the oxidative stability and the quality parameters. These studies showed that the phenolic profile in VOO is much more affected by the malaxation temperature rather than by malaxation time. In particular from 38 ° C, the combination of "extraction temperature/oil quality" represent a precarious equilibrium in which increases in temperature determine a worsening oil quality. In the third year of PhD the activity research was dedicated to the comparison of different chromatographic techniques (HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS2, HPLC-TIS-MS, GC-TOF-MS and GCxGC-TOF-MS) for the study of MPC, as well as to the ideation and application of a new identification method, based on filtration processes, selection of specific targets and calculation of the Retention Indices. If this method will be further confirmed, it may represent an effective aid in screening analysis, especially of complex matrices.
L’elevato valore salutistico dell’olio vergine di oliva (VOO), testimoniato da numerose fonti bibliografiche, è fortemente correlato al sostanziale contenuto di antiossidanti fenolici, appartenenti alla categoria dei composti minori polari (CMP). I composti fenolici contribuiscono alla stabilità del VOO nel tempo, ne determinano le peculiari caratteristiche di amaro e di piccante e prevengono patologie cronico-degenerative. Nell’ambito del processo di estrazione, la fase di gramolatura esercita un’importante influenza nella determinazione del profilo fenil-secoiridoide. Diversi studi suggeriscono come, durante questa fase, variazioni dei parametri tempo e temperatura producano effetti significativi nel bagaglio antiossidante idrofilo del VOO. Durante i primi due anni di Dottorato sono state valutate soluzioni e possibilità tecnologiche relative alle fasi di pre-gramolatura e gramolatura, concepite nell’ottica di incrementare il quantitativo fenolico. I campioni di VOO oggetto delle sperimentazioni sono stati monitorati nell’ambito del primo anno di conservazione, focalizzando l’attenzione sul profilo fenolico, sulla stabilità ossidativa e sui parametri di qualità. E’ emerso che il profilo fenolico risulta per lo più influenzato dalla temperatura piuttosto che dal tempo di gramolatura. In particolare dai 38 °C, il binomio “temperatura di estrazione/qualità dell’olio” rappresenta un equilibrio vulnerabile entro cui innalzamenti di temperatura determinano scadimenti qualitativi. Infine l’attività di ricerca relativa al terzo anno ha riguardato il confronto di differenti tecniche cromatografiche (HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS2, HPLC-TIS-MS, GC-TOF-MS e GCxGC-TOF-MS) nello studio dei CMP, nonché l’ideazione e l’applicazione di un nuovo metodo identificativo basato su processi di filtrazione, selezione dei target di interesse e calcolo degli indici di ritenzione. Se tale approccio sarà ulteriormente confermato, potrà rappresentare un valido aiuto per analisi di screening, soprattutto in matrici complesse.
Qualità dell'olio extravergine di oliva in funzione delle condizioni di gramolatura / Fiori, Federica; Fiori, Federica. - (2013 Mar 08).
Qualità dell'olio extravergine di oliva in funzione delle condizioni di gramolatura
Fiori, Federica;Fiori, Federica
2013-03-08
Abstract
The high healthy value of virgin olive oil (VOO), documented in numerous bibliographical sources, is strongly correlated to the substantial amount of phenolic antioxidants belonging to the class of minor polar compounds (MPC). Phenols compounds contribute to the stability of VOO over time, determine its characteristic bitter and pungent attributes and prevent chronic degenerative diseases. Within the oil extraction process, the malaxation step exerts a great influence on the determination of the phenyl-secoiridoid profile. Several studies suggest that the variation of time and temperature of the malaxation influence significantly the content of the hydrophilic antioxidant of VOO. During the first two years of PhD, technological solutions and possibilities relating to the steps of pre-malaxation and malaxation were evaluated, in order to verify a possible increase of the phenolic content. The samples of VOO from the different experiments were monitored during the first year of storage analyzing the phenolic profile, the oxidative stability and the quality parameters. These studies showed that the phenolic profile in VOO is much more affected by the malaxation temperature rather than by malaxation time. In particular from 38 ° C, the combination of "extraction temperature/oil quality" represent a precarious equilibrium in which increases in temperature determine a worsening oil quality. In the third year of PhD the activity research was dedicated to the comparison of different chromatographic techniques (HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS2, HPLC-TIS-MS, GC-TOF-MS and GCxGC-TOF-MS) for the study of MPC, as well as to the ideation and application of a new identification method, based on filtration processes, selection of specific targets and calculation of the Retention Indices. If this method will be further confirmed, it may represent an effective aid in screening analysis, especially of complex matrices.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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