Genetic analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma by cDNA Microarrays focused apoptotic pathway.

We investigated mRNA expression of the genes involved in the apoptotic mechanism in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by cDNA microarray. The aim of this study was to identify genes mainly involved in tumorigenesis, comparing the difference of gene expression in neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissues. Eight frozen samples of OSCC and the corresponding normal oral mucosa were treated to obtain mRNA. The mRNA extracted from these specimens was converted into cDNA and analyzed with SuperArray GEArray Q Series Human Apoptosis Gene Array kit. Our results showed that in OSCC there is a different expression of CRADD, FADD, ATM and APAF-1 genes compared to normal mucosa. Real-Time PCR, and Western blot analysis were performed on a separate cohort of patients in order to confirm the results obtained by DNA microarray. Our analysis of apoptotic process through microarray technology confirmed that different molecules could be responsible or favour the imbalance of apoptosis in cancer tissues. Microarray technology has made it possible to analyze the expression of multiple genes in a single experiment. However, most commercial array kits, designed to include as many genes as possible, produce a vast amount of data that often is difficult to interpret. In addition, the cost of equipment is often prohibitive. In contrast, the focused kit used was a complete, affordable and effective method to improve knowledge of molecular specific pathways.