The use of digital technologies in livestock farming is attracting increasing interest in recent years. However, their adoption in extensive livestock systems remains limited by infrastructural, technological, and economic constraints, particularly in marginal rural areas. In this context, this PhD thesis adopts a multidisciplinary approach aimed at evaluating innovative technological solutions to support sustainable grazing livestock farming models. The first chapter presents a literature review examining opportunities and limitations associated with the application of Precision Livestock Farming technologies in grazing ruminant systems, highlighting their potential contribution for monitoring productivity, animal health and welfare, as well as for improving pasture management. The second chapter describes a pilot study assessing non-invasive methods for estimating beef cattle body size using three-dimensional reconstruction using smartphone. Approaches based on LiDAR and photogrammetry were compared with Artificial Intelligence techniques, using manual measurements as reference data. The results indicate that these technologies represent promising, accessible, and non-invasive tools for morphometric monitoring, reducing animal stress and operator-related risks while opening new perspectives for digital phenotyping. The third chapter investigates cattle spatial grazing patterns by integrating GPS tracking data, geospatial analyses, forage biomass estimates, and climatic data. Results indicate that the integration of environmental and behavioral data can support more sustainable management of pastoral systems. Overall, this thesis contributes to advancing the knowledge of the role of digital technologies in grazing livestock systems and provides a basis for the development of data-driven decision-support tools, even in marginal rural contexts.
L’impiego di tecnologie digitali negli allevamenti sta acquistando crescente rilevanza per migliorare sostenibilità, produttività e resilienza dei sistemi zootecnici. Tuttavia, la loro adozione negli allevamenti estensivi rimane limitata da vincoli infrastrutturali, tecnologici ed economici, soprattutto nelle aree rurali marginali. La presente tesi adotta un approccio multidisciplinare per valutare soluzioni tecnologiche innovative a supporto di modelli sostenibili di allevamento estensivo. Il primo capitolo presenta una revisione della letteratura sulle opportunità e criticità delle tecnologie di Precision Livestock Farming applicate ai sistemi estensivi di ruminanti, evidenziandone il potenziale contributo al monitoraggio di produttività, salute e benessere animale, nonché alla gestionale dei pascoli. Nel secondo capitolo viene descritto uno studio pilota finalizzato a valutare metodi non invasivi per stimare le dimensioni corporee dei bovini tramite la ricostruzione tridimensionale da smartphone. Approcci basati su LiDAR e fotogrammetria sono confrontati con tecniche emergenti di Intelligenza Artificiale, utilizzando misurazioni manuali come riferimento. I risultati mostrano come tali tecnologie risultano promettenti, accessibili e non invasive per il monitoraggio morfometrico, riducendo lo stress animale e rischi per gli operatori, e aprendo nuove prospettive per la fenotipizzazione digitale. L’ultimo capitolo analizza l’uso spaziale del pascolo da parte dei bovini integrando dati di tracciamento GPS, analisi geospaziali, stime della biomassa foraggera e informazioni climatiche. I risultati suggeriscono che l’integrazione di dati ambientali e comportamentali possono supportare una gestione più sostenibile dei sistemi estensivi. Nel complesso, la tesi contribuisce a chiarire il ruolo delle tecnologie digitali negli allevamenti estensivi, offrendo basi per lo sviluppo di strumenti decisionali data-driven, anche in contesti rurali marginali.
Innovative digital technologies for sustainable and resilient grazing livestock systems in rural communities / Marchegiani, Sara. - (2026 May).
Innovative digital technologies for sustainable and resilient grazing livestock systems in rural communities.
MARCHEGIANI, SARA
2026-05-01
Abstract
The use of digital technologies in livestock farming is attracting increasing interest in recent years. However, their adoption in extensive livestock systems remains limited by infrastructural, technological, and economic constraints, particularly in marginal rural areas. In this context, this PhD thesis adopts a multidisciplinary approach aimed at evaluating innovative technological solutions to support sustainable grazing livestock farming models. The first chapter presents a literature review examining opportunities and limitations associated with the application of Precision Livestock Farming technologies in grazing ruminant systems, highlighting their potential contribution for monitoring productivity, animal health and welfare, as well as for improving pasture management. The second chapter describes a pilot study assessing non-invasive methods for estimating beef cattle body size using three-dimensional reconstruction using smartphone. Approaches based on LiDAR and photogrammetry were compared with Artificial Intelligence techniques, using manual measurements as reference data. The results indicate that these technologies represent promising, accessible, and non-invasive tools for morphometric monitoring, reducing animal stress and operator-related risks while opening new perspectives for digital phenotyping. The third chapter investigates cattle spatial grazing patterns by integrating GPS tracking data, geospatial analyses, forage biomass estimates, and climatic data. Results indicate that the integration of environmental and behavioral data can support more sustainable management of pastoral systems. Overall, this thesis contributes to advancing the knowledge of the role of digital technologies in grazing livestock systems and provides a basis for the development of data-driven decision-support tools, even in marginal rural contexts.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


