This thesis develops hydrogel-based platforms for water remediation and gas sensing. First, a cationic lignin-based hydrogel (LS–pAAm–DAC) was synthesized and evaluated as a selective adsorbent for anionic pharmaceuticals. The material exhibits interconnected porosity, elastic behaviour and high swelling, which translate into high diclofenac sodium (DCF-Na) removal in batch and packed-bed column tests. Kinetic and isotherm analyses indicate diffusion-controlled uptake and predominantly monolayer adsorption, confirming reproducible and scalable performance in static and dynamic conditions. To couple adsorption with degradation, the metal–organic framework MIL-100(Fe) was embedded in the hydrogel to obtain a dual-function composite for naproxen sodium (NPX-Na) removal. XRD and SEM/EDS show that MIL-100(Fe) retains its crystallinity and is uniformly dispersed within the network. The composite displays enhanced NPX-Na adsorption, good regenerability over repeated adsorption/desorption cycles, and acts as a heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst. Under UVA/H₂O₂, it efficiently degrades NPX-Na, as supported by HPLC–MS identification of selected photoproducts. Finally, the hydrogel was integrated into laser-written transmission diffraction gratings to implement an optical sensor for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Thin hydrogel/resin gratings operate at ambient conditions and outperform resin-only controls, converting VOC-induced refractive index changes into robust optical signals. Different analytes and doses produce distinct response amplitudes and kinetics, reflecting their physicochemical properties. The proposed platforms demonstrate how hydrogel-based materials can be engineered as versatile tools for contaminant removal and indoor air quality monitoring.
Questa tesi sviluppa piattaforme a base di idrogel per la decontaminazione delle acque reflue e il rilevamento di inquinanti in aria. Nella prima parte è stato sintetizzato un idrogel cationico a base di lignina (LS–pAAm–DAC) e valutato come materiale adsorbente selettivo per farmaci anionici. Il materiale, caratterizzato da struttura porosa, comportamento elastico ed elevato rigonfiamento, rimuove efficacemente diclofenac sodico (DCF-Na) in esperimenti in batch e in colonna a letto impaccato. L’analisi di cinetiche e isoterme conferma un assorbimento controllato dalla diffusione e prestazioni riproducibili in condizioni statiche e dinamiche. Per combinare adsorbimento e degradazione, il framework metallico-organico MIL-100(Fe) è stato incorporato nell’idrogel ottenendo un composito a doppia funzione per la rimozione del naprossene sodico (NPX-Na). Diffrazione a raggi X e SEM/EDS mostrano che MIL-100(Fe) mantiene la cristallinità ed è distribuito in modo omogeneo nella matrice. Il composito presenta rigonfiamento leggermente ridotto ma maggiore capacità di adsorbimento verso NPX-Na, è rigenerabile per cicli consecutivi di adsorbimento/desorbimento e agisce come catalizzatore foto-Fenton eterogeneo: in presenza di UVA/H₂O₂ degrada NPX-Na, come confermato dall’identificazione di prodotti di fotodegradazione mediante HPLC/MS. La seconda parte riguarda il monitoraggio della qualità dell’aria e descrive un sensore fotonico compatto basato su reticoli di diffrazione in trasmissione scritti a laser in un sottile strato idrogel/resina. I reticoli a base di idrogel operano in condizioni ambiente e superano i controlli in sola resina, convertendo variazioni di indice di rifrazione indotte da diversi VOCs in segnali ottici distinti per ampiezza e cinetica. L’integrazione dell’idrogel aumenta la sensibilità del dispositivo, che è a basso consumo, riproducibile e adatto al monitoraggio distribuito di ambienti interni.
Hydrogel Platforms for Water Remediation and Volatile Organic Compound Sensing / Ranieri, Simone. - (2026 Mar 23).
Hydrogel Platforms for Water Remediation and Volatile Organic Compound Sensing
RANIERI, Simone
2026-03-23
Abstract
This thesis develops hydrogel-based platforms for water remediation and gas sensing. First, a cationic lignin-based hydrogel (LS–pAAm–DAC) was synthesized and evaluated as a selective adsorbent for anionic pharmaceuticals. The material exhibits interconnected porosity, elastic behaviour and high swelling, which translate into high diclofenac sodium (DCF-Na) removal in batch and packed-bed column tests. Kinetic and isotherm analyses indicate diffusion-controlled uptake and predominantly monolayer adsorption, confirming reproducible and scalable performance in static and dynamic conditions. To couple adsorption with degradation, the metal–organic framework MIL-100(Fe) was embedded in the hydrogel to obtain a dual-function composite for naproxen sodium (NPX-Na) removal. XRD and SEM/EDS show that MIL-100(Fe) retains its crystallinity and is uniformly dispersed within the network. The composite displays enhanced NPX-Na adsorption, good regenerability over repeated adsorption/desorption cycles, and acts as a heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst. Under UVA/H₂O₂, it efficiently degrades NPX-Na, as supported by HPLC–MS identification of selected photoproducts. Finally, the hydrogel was integrated into laser-written transmission diffraction gratings to implement an optical sensor for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Thin hydrogel/resin gratings operate at ambient conditions and outperform resin-only controls, converting VOC-induced refractive index changes into robust optical signals. Different analytes and doses produce distinct response amplitudes and kinetics, reflecting their physicochemical properties. The proposed platforms demonstrate how hydrogel-based materials can be engineered as versatile tools for contaminant removal and indoor air quality monitoring.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


