Seafloor habitat heterogeneity can support biodiversity by providing a complex substrate for colonization and by increasing species turnover. Drivers of habitat heterogeneity include both abiotic processes, for example geologically induced seabed fluid flow, and biotic interactions, like novel habitat created by marine species. Fairy circles are circular structure well known in terrestrial ecosystems, and they are also found in various marine habitats. Formation processes driving these spatial patterns are not always understood. In this PhD research, I explore the ecology of different circular seafloor patterns with various origins and the interactions between microbes and larger organisms (like metazoans and seagrasses). In a literature review, I propose a novel classification of marine fairy circles, and I describe their main ecological processes and biodiversity. Circular habitats (the so called “fairy circles”) of the Mediterranean Sea, associated with seabed fluid flow, are the target of this PhD thesis. I hypothesize that microbes play an important role in biogeochemical cycling, food webs, and habitat complexity of circular habitats. Samples were collected from the mesophotic zone offshore Corsica (France), in the shallow-water hydrothermal vents of Vulcano Island (Aeolian Archipelago, Italy), and in the submarine cave known as the "Black Hole" in the Gulf of Naples (Italy). Laboratory analyses include the study of the trophic status of sediments, and the description of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities through traditional and molecular techniques. My results highlight strong environmental gradients associated with these circular habitats, influencing the biodiversity and spatial patterns of associated prokaryotic and eukaryotic assemblages. Overall, circular habitats increase seafloor heterogeneity and support biodiversity. On the other hand, our knowledge about these habitats along with their global distribution is still limited.
L’eterogeneità degli habitat dei fondali marini può supportare la biodiversità fornendo un substrato complesso per la colonizzazione e aumentando il turnover delle specie. I fattori che determinano l'eterogeneità degli habitat includono sia i processi abiotici, ad esempio l’emissione di fluidi dai fondali marini indotta geologicamente, sia le interazioni biotiche, come i nuovi habitat creati dalle specie marine. I cosiddetti “cerchi delle streghe” sono strutture circolari ben note negli ecosistemi terrestri e si trovano anche in vari habitat marini. I processi di formazione all’origine di questi pattern spaziali non sono sempre compresi. In questa ricerca di dottorato esploro l'ecologia di diversi habitat circolari sui fondali marini con origini diverse e le interazioni tra microbi e organismi più grandi (come metazoi e fanerogame marine). In una revisione della letteratura, propongo una nuova classificazione dei “cerchi delle streghe” marini e descrivo i loro principali processi ecologici e la biodiversità associata. Gli habitat circolari (i cosiddetti “cerchi delle streghe”) del Mar Mediterraneo, associati all’emissione di fluidi dai fondali marini, sono l’oggetto di studio di questa tesi di dottorato. La mia ipotesi è che i microbi svolgano un ruolo importante nel ciclo biogeochimico, nelle reti trofiche e nella complessità degli habitat circolari. I campioni sono stati raccolti dalla zona mesofotica al largo della Corsica (Francia), nelle sorgenti idrotermali di acque poco profonde dell'Isola Vulcano (Arcipelago delle Eolie, Italia) e nella grotta sottomarina conosciuta come "Black Hole" nel Golfo di Napoli (Italia). Le analisi di laboratorio includono lo studio dello stato trofico dei sedimenti e la descrizione delle comunità procariotiche ed eucariotiche attraverso tecniche tradizionali e molecolari. I miei risultati evidenziano forti gradienti ambientali associati a questi habitat circolari, che influenzano la biodiversità e la distribuzione delle comunità procariotiche ed eucariotiche associate. Nel complesso, gli habitat circolari aumentano l’eterogeneità dei fondali marini e sostengono la biodiversità. D’altro canto, la nostra conoscenza di questi habitat e della loro distribuzione globale è ancora limitata.
Ecology of marine fairy circles and seepages / Scenna, Lorenzo. - (2026 Mar 06).
Ecology of marine fairy circles and seepages
SCENNA, LORENZO
2026-03-06
Abstract
Seafloor habitat heterogeneity can support biodiversity by providing a complex substrate for colonization and by increasing species turnover. Drivers of habitat heterogeneity include both abiotic processes, for example geologically induced seabed fluid flow, and biotic interactions, like novel habitat created by marine species. Fairy circles are circular structure well known in terrestrial ecosystems, and they are also found in various marine habitats. Formation processes driving these spatial patterns are not always understood. In this PhD research, I explore the ecology of different circular seafloor patterns with various origins and the interactions between microbes and larger organisms (like metazoans and seagrasses). In a literature review, I propose a novel classification of marine fairy circles, and I describe their main ecological processes and biodiversity. Circular habitats (the so called “fairy circles”) of the Mediterranean Sea, associated with seabed fluid flow, are the target of this PhD thesis. I hypothesize that microbes play an important role in biogeochemical cycling, food webs, and habitat complexity of circular habitats. Samples were collected from the mesophotic zone offshore Corsica (France), in the shallow-water hydrothermal vents of Vulcano Island (Aeolian Archipelago, Italy), and in the submarine cave known as the "Black Hole" in the Gulf of Naples (Italy). Laboratory analyses include the study of the trophic status of sediments, and the description of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities through traditional and molecular techniques. My results highlight strong environmental gradients associated with these circular habitats, influencing the biodiversity and spatial patterns of associated prokaryotic and eukaryotic assemblages. Overall, circular habitats increase seafloor heterogeneity and support biodiversity. On the other hand, our knowledge about these habitats along with their global distribution is still limited.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


