This Ph.D. Thesis, structured around three interrelated studies, addresses the fundamental challenges arising from the integration of sustainability, defined in its environmental, social, and governance dimensions, into financial decision-making, thus moving beyond the conventional risk-return paradigm. The central objective is to advance academic and regulatory debate (particularly within the MiFID II framework) by examining how sustainability preferences can be evaluated, quantified, and operationally integrated into portfolio selection processes. The first study presents a critical review and synthesis of existing portfolio selection models, identifying their shortcomings and proposing future directions. The second study employs a Goal Programming (GP)-based portfolio selection model, integrating a harmonized ESG indicator that penalizes discrepancies among ratings. This approach reduces divergence in sustainability performance and delivers more stable outcomes for investors. The third study reveals that self-reported sustainability preferences are not reliable predictors of actual investment decisions, exposing a regulatory paradox: survey instruments may prompt aspirational responses that do not align with genuine behaviors, thus overstating real demand for ESG products. Overall, this thesis maps a research journey that begins by identifying conceptual and methodological gaps, introduces a quantitative strategy to address ESG data uncertainty, and culminates in empirical validation of behavioral assumptions in the market context. Collectively, the findings offer analytical frameworks and empirical evidence to enhance the effectiveness, transparency, and credibility of sustainable investments.
La presente Tesi di Dottorato, articolata in tre studi interconnessi, affronta le sfide fondamentali che emergono dall’integrazione della sostenibilità, intesa come ambientale, sociale e di governance, nel processo decisionale finanziario, superando il paradigma tradizionale rischio-rendimento. L’obiettivo centrale è contribuire al dibattito accademico e normativo (in particolare nell’ambito del quadro normativo MiFID II) analizzando come le preferenze di sostenibilità possano essere valutate, misurate e integrate operativamente nella selezione di portafoglio, ponendo l’accento sulla necessità di robustezza metodologica delle metriche ESG e sulla sfera comportamentale degli investitori. Il primo studio fornisce una revisione critica e una sistematizzazione dei modelli di selezione di portafoglio, evidenziandone limiti e traiettorie di sviluppo future. Il secondo studio, attraverso un modello di selezione del portafoglio basato sulla programmazione per obiettivi (Goal Programming) ed un indicatore ESG armonizzato che penalizza il disaccordo tra i rating, mitiga la divergenza della performance di sostenibilità e produce risultati più stabili per gli investitori. Infine, il terzo studio dimostra che le preferenze di sostenibilità dichiarate non sono predittive del comportamento di investimento rivelato, sollevando un paradosso normativo: i questionari potrebbero suscitare risposte ambiziose che non corrispondono alle reali intenzioni comportamentali, sovrastimando la domanda effettiva di prodotti ESG. Nel complesso, la tesi delinea un percorso di ricerca che parte dall’identificazione delle lacune teoriche e metodologiche, propone una soluzione quantitativa per affrontare l’incertezza dei dati ESG e conclude con la validazione empirica delle ipotesi comportamentali alla base del mercato. L’insieme dei risultati offre strumenti analitici ed evidenze empiriche utili a rendere gli investimenti sostenibili più efficaci, trasparenti e credibili.
Essays on Sustainable Investing: From ESG Metrics to Portfolio Decisions and Investor Behavior / Baiocco, Sofia. - (2026 Mar).
Essays on Sustainable Investing: From ESG Metrics to Portfolio Decisions and Investor Behavior
BAIOCCO, SOFIA
2026-03-01
Abstract
This Ph.D. Thesis, structured around three interrelated studies, addresses the fundamental challenges arising from the integration of sustainability, defined in its environmental, social, and governance dimensions, into financial decision-making, thus moving beyond the conventional risk-return paradigm. The central objective is to advance academic and regulatory debate (particularly within the MiFID II framework) by examining how sustainability preferences can be evaluated, quantified, and operationally integrated into portfolio selection processes. The first study presents a critical review and synthesis of existing portfolio selection models, identifying their shortcomings and proposing future directions. The second study employs a Goal Programming (GP)-based portfolio selection model, integrating a harmonized ESG indicator that penalizes discrepancies among ratings. This approach reduces divergence in sustainability performance and delivers more stable outcomes for investors. The third study reveals that self-reported sustainability preferences are not reliable predictors of actual investment decisions, exposing a regulatory paradox: survey instruments may prompt aspirational responses that do not align with genuine behaviors, thus overstating real demand for ESG products. Overall, this thesis maps a research journey that begins by identifying conceptual and methodological gaps, introduces a quantitative strategy to address ESG data uncertainty, and culminates in empirical validation of behavioral assumptions in the market context. Collectively, the findings offer analytical frameworks and empirical evidence to enhance the effectiveness, transparency, and credibility of sustainable investments.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


