Abstract Understanding how surface and interface phenomena affects the magnetic behavior of nanoscale structures is critical for the development of next-generation magnetic and multifunctional devices. In this thesis, I attempt to elucidate the role of surface and interface on the magnetic properties of Fe3O4-based heterostructures with controlled morphology, including hybrid Au/Fe3O4 heterostructures and hollow Fe3O4-based nano-shells (Fe3O4/NiO and Fe3O4/MnO shell/shell systems). Through a combination of chemical synthesis, transmission electron microscopy, and magnetic characterization, I explain the mechanisms by which interfacial interactions and surface spin disorder govern their magnetic properties. The first part of the work focuses on the seed-mediated synthesis of hybrid Au/Fe3O4 heterostructures. Particular attention is given to the optimization of Au nanoparticle seeds in terms of size dispersity, crystallinity, and colloidal stability, enabling controlled heterogeneous nucleation of Fe3O4. By systematically tuning the experimental parameters, such as precursor ratios, solvent volume and type, different heterostructure morphologies were obtained, including dumbbell-like and satellite-like. Magnetic measurements reveal how the morphology and thus interface of hybrid Au/Fe3O4 heterostructures influence field-dependent and temperature-dependent of magnetization of these particles. The second part investigates the magnetic properties of hollow Fe3O4 shell/shell, namely Fe3O4/NiO and Fe3O4/MnO heterostructures, prepared through the Kirkendall effect. The presence of inner and outer surfaces dramatically enhances surface spin disorder and effective anisotropy, while coupling with antiferromagnetic monoxide shells can affect their spin configurations. These systems demonstrate how hollow morphology and interface engineering can be combined to tailor magnetic properties in confined nanoscale architectures. Overall, this thesis highlights how controlling interfaces and surface disorder through morphology provides powerful means to tune magnetic behavior in ferrite-based nanostructures. The insights obtained contribute to fundamental understanding of nanoscale magnetism and support the design of functional materials for applications in many fields, including sensing, energy, biomedicine and catalysis, among others.
Abstract Comprendere come i fenomeni di superficie e di interfaccia influenzino il comportamento magnetico delle strutture su scala nanometrica è fondamentale per lo sviluppo di dispositivi magnetici e multifunzionali di nuova generazione. In questa tesi, cerco di chiarire il ruolo della superficie e dell’interfaccia sulle proprietà magnetiche di eterostrutture basate su Fe₃O₄ con morfologia controllata, incluse eterostrutture ibride Au/Fe₃O₄ e nanoshell cave basate su Fe₃O₄ (sistemi shell/shell Fe₃O₄/NiO e Fe₃O₄/MnO). Attraverso una combinazione di sintesi chimica, microscopia elettronica a trasmissione e caratterizzazione magnetica, spiego i meccanismi tramite i quali le interazioni interfacciali e il disordine degli spin superficiali governano le loro proprietà magnetiche. La prima parte del lavoro si concentra sulla sintesi seed-mediated di eterostrutture ibride Au/Fe₃O₄. Particolare attenzione è dedicata all’ottimizzazione dei semi di nanoparticelle di Au in termini di dispersione dimensionale, cristallinità e stabilità colloidale, consentendo una nucleazione eterogenea controllata di Fe₃O₄. Variando sistematicamente i parametri sperimentali, come i rapporti tra i precursori, il volume e il tipo di solvente, sono state ottenute diverse morfologie di eterostruttura, incluse quelle di tipo dumbbell e satellite. Le misure magnetiche rivelano come la morfologia e quindi l’interfaccia delle eterostrutture ibride Au/Fe₃O₄ influenzino la magnetizzazione dipendente dal campo e dalla temperatura di queste particelle. La seconda parte indaga le proprietà magnetiche di strutture cave shell/shell di Fe₃O₄, in particolare eterostrutture Fe₃O₄/NiO e Fe₃O₄/MnO, preparate tramite effetto Kirkendall. La presenza di superfici interne ed esterne aumenta drasticamente il disordine degli spin superficiali e l’anisotropia efficace, mentre l’accoppiamento con shell di monossidi antiferromagnetici può influenzare le loro configurazioni di spin. Questi sistemi dimostrano come la morfologia cava e l’ingegneria delle interfacce possano essere combinate per modulare le proprietà magnetiche in architetture nanometriche confinate. Nel complesso, questa tesi evidenzia come il controllo delle interfacce e del disordine superficiale attraverso la morfologia fornisca potenti strumenti per modulare il comportamento magnetico nelle nanostrutture basate su ferriti. I risultati ottenuti contribuiscono alla comprensione fondamentale del magnetismo su scala nanometrica e supportano la progettazione di materiali funzionali per applicazioni in numerosi campi, tra cui sensoristica, energia, biomedicina e catalisi, tra gli altri.
Surface and Interface Effects on Magnetic Nano-shells / Talaee Shoar, Farzane. - (2026 Mar 31).
Surface and Interface Effects on Magnetic Nano-shells
TALAEE SHOAR, FARZANE
2026-03-31
Abstract
Abstract Understanding how surface and interface phenomena affects the magnetic behavior of nanoscale structures is critical for the development of next-generation magnetic and multifunctional devices. In this thesis, I attempt to elucidate the role of surface and interface on the magnetic properties of Fe3O4-based heterostructures with controlled morphology, including hybrid Au/Fe3O4 heterostructures and hollow Fe3O4-based nano-shells (Fe3O4/NiO and Fe3O4/MnO shell/shell systems). Through a combination of chemical synthesis, transmission electron microscopy, and magnetic characterization, I explain the mechanisms by which interfacial interactions and surface spin disorder govern their magnetic properties. The first part of the work focuses on the seed-mediated synthesis of hybrid Au/Fe3O4 heterostructures. Particular attention is given to the optimization of Au nanoparticle seeds in terms of size dispersity, crystallinity, and colloidal stability, enabling controlled heterogeneous nucleation of Fe3O4. By systematically tuning the experimental parameters, such as precursor ratios, solvent volume and type, different heterostructure morphologies were obtained, including dumbbell-like and satellite-like. Magnetic measurements reveal how the morphology and thus interface of hybrid Au/Fe3O4 heterostructures influence field-dependent and temperature-dependent of magnetization of these particles. The second part investigates the magnetic properties of hollow Fe3O4 shell/shell, namely Fe3O4/NiO and Fe3O4/MnO heterostructures, prepared through the Kirkendall effect. The presence of inner and outer surfaces dramatically enhances surface spin disorder and effective anisotropy, while coupling with antiferromagnetic monoxide shells can affect their spin configurations. These systems demonstrate how hollow morphology and interface engineering can be combined to tailor magnetic properties in confined nanoscale architectures. Overall, this thesis highlights how controlling interfaces and surface disorder through morphology provides powerful means to tune magnetic behavior in ferrite-based nanostructures. The insights obtained contribute to fundamental understanding of nanoscale magnetism and support the design of functional materials for applications in many fields, including sensing, energy, biomedicine and catalysis, among others.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


