The development of high-strength hollow bars over the past two decades has enabled the construction of pressure-grouted geotechnical anchors which, not requiring temporary hole support during installation, can achieve high capacities with reduced execution times. These systems are referred to as self-drilling anchors. This technological innovation has made it possible to overcome traditional construction procedures—comprising drilling, reinforcement installation, and grouting—which typically require temporary casing. A further evolution of the self-drilling system involves coupling the new technology with jet grouting, which, by using injection pressures of 300–500 bar, combines the drilling capability with an erosion mechanism for forming the anchor foundation. The interaction between high-pressure drilling fluid and soil introduces a new source of uncertainty in the behaviour of these geotechnical systems, such that their design is based on simplified and often unrealistic assumptions. Within this framework, the research aimed to characterize the behaviour of self-drilling anchors with jet-grouted foundations through the monitoring of full-scale load tests instrumented with distributed strain sensors along the entire length of the anchor, together with three-dimensional finite element simulations. In particular, the experimental data from the full-scale tests provided the basis for validating the numerical simulations. These simulations proved to be particularly complex due to the large number of factors to be considered, especially the geometry of the foundation bulb and the effect on the soil stress state induced by high-pressure injection. The monitoring results highlighted a strongly non-linear load distribution along the anchor foundation, as well as a unit side resistance in the initial portion of the foundation higher than expected. These findings made an in-depth analysis of the possible causes necessary, in order to adequately represent them in the numerical modelling. To this end, specific simulation strategies were developed to correctly model the installation effects of anchors constructed using the jet grouting technique.
Lo sviluppo di barre cave ad alta resistenza nelle ultime due decadi ha permesso di realizzare ancoraggi geotecnici a bulbo iniettato che, non necessitando di sostegno provvisorio del foro in fase di installazione, possono raggiungere elevate capacità con tempi di esecuzione ridotti; tali sistemi vengono denominati ancoraggi a “barre autoperforanti”. Questa innovazione tecnologica ha permesso di svincolare la realizzazione dalle tradizionali metodologie esecutive che prevedono perforazione, inserimento dell’armatura e iniezione nonché, tipicamente, la necessità di un rivestimento provvisorio. Una ulteriore evoluzione del sistema autoperforante vede l’accoppiamento della nuova tecnologia con la tecnica jet grouting che, utilizzando pressioni di iniezione di 300 - 500 bar, affianca alla capacità di perforazione il meccanismo di erosione per la realizzazione della fondazione dell’ancoraggio. L’interazione tra fluido di perforazione ad alta pressione e terreno introduce una nuova incognita nel comportamento di questi sistemi geotecnici cosicché la loro progettazione è basata su ipotesi semplificative e spesso poco realistiche. In questo contesto, la ricerca è stata finalizzata alla caratterizzazione del comportamento degli ancoraggi autoperforanti con fondazioni in jet grouting, attraverso il monitoraggio di prove di carico in vera grandezza strumentate con sensori di deformazione distribuiti lungo l’intero sviluppo del tirante e simulazioni numeriche tridimensionali agli elementi finiti. In particolare, i dati sperimentali delle prove in vera grandezza hanno fornito i dati per validare le simulazioni numeriche. Queste ultime sono risultate particolarmente complesse a causa del notevole numero di aspetti da considerare, tra cui in particolare la geometria del bulbo di fondazione e l’effetto sullo stato tensionale del terreno indotto dall’iniezione ad alta pressione. I risultati del monitoraggio hanno messo in evidenza una distribuzione del carico lungo la fondazione dell’ancoraggio fortemente non lineare, nonché una portanza unitaria nel tratto iniziale della fondazione superiore alle attese. Tali evidenze hanno reso necessaria un’analisi approfondita delle possibili cause, al fine di rappresentarle in modo appropriato nella modellazione numerica. A tale scopo sono state sviluppate specifiche strategie di simulazione per la corretta modellazione degli effetti dell’installazione degli ancoraggi realizzati mediante la tecnica del jet grouting.
Analisi del comportamento di ancoraggi auto-perforanti con fondazione jet grouting / Senigagliesi, Matteo. - (2026 Mar).
Analisi del comportamento di ancoraggi auto-perforanti con fondazione jet grouting
SENIGAGLIESI, MATTEO
2026-03-01
Abstract
The development of high-strength hollow bars over the past two decades has enabled the construction of pressure-grouted geotechnical anchors which, not requiring temporary hole support during installation, can achieve high capacities with reduced execution times. These systems are referred to as self-drilling anchors. This technological innovation has made it possible to overcome traditional construction procedures—comprising drilling, reinforcement installation, and grouting—which typically require temporary casing. A further evolution of the self-drilling system involves coupling the new technology with jet grouting, which, by using injection pressures of 300–500 bar, combines the drilling capability with an erosion mechanism for forming the anchor foundation. The interaction between high-pressure drilling fluid and soil introduces a new source of uncertainty in the behaviour of these geotechnical systems, such that their design is based on simplified and often unrealistic assumptions. Within this framework, the research aimed to characterize the behaviour of self-drilling anchors with jet-grouted foundations through the monitoring of full-scale load tests instrumented with distributed strain sensors along the entire length of the anchor, together with three-dimensional finite element simulations. In particular, the experimental data from the full-scale tests provided the basis for validating the numerical simulations. These simulations proved to be particularly complex due to the large number of factors to be considered, especially the geometry of the foundation bulb and the effect on the soil stress state induced by high-pressure injection. The monitoring results highlighted a strongly non-linear load distribution along the anchor foundation, as well as a unit side resistance in the initial portion of the foundation higher than expected. These findings made an in-depth analysis of the possible causes necessary, in order to adequately represent them in the numerical modelling. To this end, specific simulation strategies were developed to correctly model the installation effects of anchors constructed using the jet grouting technique.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


