Strawberry cultivation (Fragaria × ananassa) is increasingly affected by climate change, requiring the development of certified propagation systems and advanced breeding strategies. This PhD research investigated biotechnological approaches based on in vitro culture and recombinant DNA technologies, focusing on three main objectives: (i) optimization of in vitro stabilization and regeneration protocols; (ii) evaluation of the agronomic performance of plants derived from these approaches compared with traditional propagation methods; and (iii) generation of lines with reduced susceptibility to fungal pathogens through RNA interference (RNAi). Sodium hypochlorite proved to be the most effective chemical agent for the sterilization and stabilization of in vitro plant material. The most efficient leaf-derived in vitro regeneration was achieved using a culture medium supplemented with 0.5 mg·L⁻¹ thidiazuron and 0.02 mg·L⁻¹ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. A comparison among leaf-regenerated plants (RMP), micropropagated plants (MMP), and frigo plants (FMP) showed that RMP produced a higher number of runners and rooted tips under soilless cultivation systems. Under open-field conditions, the first generation of MMP did not display phenotypic differences compared with the first generation of FMP. In parallel, Agrobacterium tumefaciens–mediated genetic transformation protocols were optimized to induce host-induced gene silencing (HIGS). Stable transformation of RNAi constructs in strawberry, targeting genes from B. cinerea, C. gloeosporioides, and P. aphanis, achieved up to 25% efficiency in the Koinè cultivar. Selected lines exhibited stable transcript expression and a marked reduction in fungal symptom development in subsequent bioassays. In conclusion, the combined application of HIGS technology and in vitro culture represents a promising strategy to enhance the sustainability of commercial strawberry cultivation.
La coltivazione della fragola (Fragaria × ananassa) è sempre più influenzata da fenomeni legati ai cambiamenti climatici, motivo per cui è necessario lo sviluppo di sistemi di propagazione certificati e strategie di miglioramento genetico avanzate. Questo lavoro di dottorato ha studiato soluzioni biotecnologiche basate sulla coltura in vitro e tecnologie del DNA ricombinante perseguendo tre principali obiettivi: i) ottimizzare protocolli di stabilizzazione e rigenerazione in vitro, ii) valutare le performance agronomiche delle piante derivanti da tale approccio a confronto con metodiche tradizionali, e iii) generare linee con minor suscettibilità a patogeni fungini sfruttando l’RNA interferente (RNAi). L'ipoclorito di sodio è risultato l’agente chimico più efficace per la sterilizzazione e la stabilizzazione di materiale in vitro. La rigenerazione in vitro da foglia più efficiente è stata ottenuta tramite un substrato contenente 0,5 mg/L di thidiazuron e 0,02 mg/L di acido 2,4-diclorofenossiacetico. Il confronto tra piante rigenerate da foglia (RMP), micropropagate (MMP), e piante frigo (FMP) ha evidenziato che le RMP producono più stoloni e cime radicate in sistemi fuori suolo. In pieno campo, la prima generazione delle piante MMP non ha mostrato differenze fenotipiche rispetto alla prima generazione delle FMP. Parallelamente, sono stati ottimizzati protocolli di trasformazione genetica mediata da Agrobacterium tumefaciens per indurre silenziamento genico nell’ospite (HIGS). La trasformazione stabile di costrutti RNAi in fragola, mirati a geni di B. cinerea, C. gloeosporioides e P. aphanis, ha raggiunto un'efficienza fino al 25% nella cultivar Koinè. Le linee selezionate hanno mostrato un'espressione stabile dei trascritti e una significativa riduzione della sintomatologia fungina nei successivi saggi biologici. In conclusione, l'impiego della tecnica HIGS e della coltura in vitro si conferma una strategia promettente per migliorare la sostenibilità della coltivazione della fragola commerciale.
Biotechnological tools for the genetic improvement of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) / Piunti, Irene. - (2026 Mar).
Biotechnological tools for the genetic improvement of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)
Piunti, Irene
2026-03-01
Abstract
Strawberry cultivation (Fragaria × ananassa) is increasingly affected by climate change, requiring the development of certified propagation systems and advanced breeding strategies. This PhD research investigated biotechnological approaches based on in vitro culture and recombinant DNA technologies, focusing on three main objectives: (i) optimization of in vitro stabilization and regeneration protocols; (ii) evaluation of the agronomic performance of plants derived from these approaches compared with traditional propagation methods; and (iii) generation of lines with reduced susceptibility to fungal pathogens through RNA interference (RNAi). Sodium hypochlorite proved to be the most effective chemical agent for the sterilization and stabilization of in vitro plant material. The most efficient leaf-derived in vitro regeneration was achieved using a culture medium supplemented with 0.5 mg·L⁻¹ thidiazuron and 0.02 mg·L⁻¹ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. A comparison among leaf-regenerated plants (RMP), micropropagated plants (MMP), and frigo plants (FMP) showed that RMP produced a higher number of runners and rooted tips under soilless cultivation systems. Under open-field conditions, the first generation of MMP did not display phenotypic differences compared with the first generation of FMP. In parallel, Agrobacterium tumefaciens–mediated genetic transformation protocols were optimized to induce host-induced gene silencing (HIGS). Stable transformation of RNAi constructs in strawberry, targeting genes from B. cinerea, C. gloeosporioides, and P. aphanis, achieved up to 25% efficiency in the Koinè cultivar. Selected lines exhibited stable transcript expression and a marked reduction in fungal symptom development in subsequent bioassays. In conclusion, the combined application of HIGS technology and in vitro culture represents a promising strategy to enhance the sustainability of commercial strawberry cultivation.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


