Breast cancer remains a public-health issue without targeted and potent therapy. Exploring of drug alternative from natural bioactive compounds attracted numerous attentions since traditional chemotherapy exhibited severe side effects. Strawberry tree honey is an ancient medicine, but its effects on breast cancer remain unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of strawberry tree honey on breast cancer in 2D and cancer stem (-like) cells (CSCs) enriched 3D cell models. Current study identified the bioactive components of strawberry tree honey by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS, and evaluated its total polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity. Two human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and SKBR3, were used to evaluate the anticancer effects of strawberry tree honey. Investigations of proliferation ability, ROS generation, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest were performed. The effects of strawberry tree honey on EMT ability in MCF-7 cells were evaluated as well, by means of colony formation and would healing assays. On the other hand, the effects of strawberry tree honey on MCF-7 CSCs enriched spheroids were investigated by cell viability, cell apoptosis, mitochondrial respiration. By means of HPLC-MASS detection, current study confirmed that strawberry tree honey was a natural complex contained with at least 29 kinds of different polyphenol compounds. Furthermore, total polyphenols and flavonoids and antioxidant capacity exhibited a promising level. Strawberry tree honey inhibited proliferation in both SKBR3 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells while performed much lower toxic effects on human normal breast cell MCF-10A. Additionally, strawberry tree honey promoted intercellular ROS generation, and inhibited the activation of antioxidant enzyme system (Catalase, GR, and GPx) in MCF-7 cells, thereby, leaded to the cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, regulations of apoptosis and cell cycle were observed after strawberry tree honey treatment, included the increases of Caspase-8 and Bax levels, and the reductions of Bcl-2 and CDK2/CDK4 expression. The investigations of wound healing and colony formation demonstrated strawberry tree honey decreased the cell migration and survival properties, related to EMT, in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The suppression of EMT ability in MCF-7 cells might be achieved by reduced expressions of p-Akt, MMP-9, β-Catenin, Smad4, Twist, and Snail. Results from 3D model showed that strawberry tree honey inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 CSCs enriched spheroids. In addition, STH treatment caused disorder in MCF-7 CSCs enriched spheroids, included the suppression of the mitochondrial function by reducing the basal respiration, maximal respiration, spare respiratory capacity, and ATP production, the induction of cell apoptosis by increasing the expression of p53, and the inhibition of drug efflux and EMT capacity by decreasing the CD133 while increasing E-cadherin expression. Taking all above, current study preliminarily demonstrated the anti-proliferation effects of strawberry tree honey on breast cancer cells and breast cancer stem (-like) cells enriched spheroids, and partially revealed the molecular mechanism.
Il cancro al seno rimane un problema di salute pubblica privo di terapie mirate ed efficaci. L’esplorazione di alternative farmacologiche basate su composti bioattivi naturali ha attirato crescente attenzione, poiché la chemioterapia tradizionale presenta gravi effetti collaterali. Il miele di corbezzolo è un rimedio antico, ma i suoi effetti sul cancro al seno non sono ancora noti. Questo studio ha quindi l’obiettivo di valutare gli effetti del miele di corbezzolo sul cancro al seno utilizzando modelli cellulari 2D e modelli 3D arricchiti in cellule staminali tumorali (CSCs). Lo studio ha identificato i componenti bioattivi del miele di corbezzolo tramite HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS e ne ha valutato il contenuto totale di polifenoli, flavonoidi e la capacità antiossidante. Due linee cellulari umane di carcinoma mammario, MCF-7 e SKBR3, sono state utilizzate per analizzare gli effetti anticancro del miele. Sono stati studiati la proliferazione cellulare, la generazione di ROS, l’apoptosi e l’arresto del ciclo cellulare. Inoltre, nelle cellule MCF-7 sono stati valutati gli effetti del miele sulla capacità di EMT tramite saggi di formazione di colonie e wound healing. Parallelamente, sugli sferoidi arricchiti in CSCs MCF-7 sono stati analizzati la vitalità cellulare, l’apoptosi e la respirazione mitocondriale. Le analisi HPLC-MASS hanno confermato che il miele di corbezzolo è un complesso naturale contenente almeno 29 diversi composti polifenolici. Inoltre, il contenuto totale di polifenoli e flavonoidi e la capacità antiossidante sono risultati elevati. Il miele di corbezzolo ha inibito la proliferazione sia nelle cellule SKBR3 sia nelle MCF-7, mostrando al contempo una tossicità molto inferiore nelle cellule mammarie normali MCF-10A. Ha inoltre aumentato la produzione intracellulare di ROS e inibito l’attivazione degli enzimi antiossidanti (Catalasi, GR e GPx) nelle MCF-7, inducendo arresto del ciclo cellulare e apoptosi. Sono state osservate regolazioni delle vie dell’apoptosi e del ciclo cellulare, con aumento dei livelli di Caspase-8 e Bax e riduzione dell’espressione di Bcl-2 e CDK2/CDK4. I saggi di wound healing e colony formation hanno mostrato che il miele riduce la migrazione e la capacità di sopravvivenza cellulare legate all’EMT nelle MCF-7. Tale soppressione potrebbe essere mediata dalla riduzione di p-Akt, MMP-9, β-Catenina, Smad4, Twist e Snail. Nel modello 3D, il miele di corbezzolo ha inibito la proliferazione degli sferoidi arricchiti in CSCs MCF-7. Inoltre, il trattamento ha causato disfunzioni negli sferoidi, tra cui la soppressione della funzione mitocondriale (riduzione della respirazione basale, massimale, capacità respiratoria di riserva e produzione di ATP), l’induzione dell’apoptosi tramite aumento dell’espressione di p53 e l’inibizione dell’efflusso farmacologico e della capacità di EMT, con diminuzione di CD133 e aumento di E-caderina. Nel complesso, questo studio dimostra preliminarmente gli effetti antiproliferativi del miele di corbezzolo sulle cellule di carcinoma mammario e sugli sferoidi arricchiti in cellule staminali tumorali, rivelando parzialmente i meccanismi molecolari coinvolti.
Effects of Strawberry Tree Honey on Human Breast Cancers in 2D and Cancer Stem (-like) Cells Enriched 3D Models / Yang, Bei. - (2026 Mar 24).
Effects of Strawberry Tree Honey on Human Breast Cancers in 2D and Cancer Stem (-like) Cells Enriched 3D Models
YANG, BEI
2026-03-24
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a public-health issue without targeted and potent therapy. Exploring of drug alternative from natural bioactive compounds attracted numerous attentions since traditional chemotherapy exhibited severe side effects. Strawberry tree honey is an ancient medicine, but its effects on breast cancer remain unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of strawberry tree honey on breast cancer in 2D and cancer stem (-like) cells (CSCs) enriched 3D cell models. Current study identified the bioactive components of strawberry tree honey by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS, and evaluated its total polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity. Two human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and SKBR3, were used to evaluate the anticancer effects of strawberry tree honey. Investigations of proliferation ability, ROS generation, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest were performed. The effects of strawberry tree honey on EMT ability in MCF-7 cells were evaluated as well, by means of colony formation and would healing assays. On the other hand, the effects of strawberry tree honey on MCF-7 CSCs enriched spheroids were investigated by cell viability, cell apoptosis, mitochondrial respiration. By means of HPLC-MASS detection, current study confirmed that strawberry tree honey was a natural complex contained with at least 29 kinds of different polyphenol compounds. Furthermore, total polyphenols and flavonoids and antioxidant capacity exhibited a promising level. Strawberry tree honey inhibited proliferation in both SKBR3 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells while performed much lower toxic effects on human normal breast cell MCF-10A. Additionally, strawberry tree honey promoted intercellular ROS generation, and inhibited the activation of antioxidant enzyme system (Catalase, GR, and GPx) in MCF-7 cells, thereby, leaded to the cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, regulations of apoptosis and cell cycle were observed after strawberry tree honey treatment, included the increases of Caspase-8 and Bax levels, and the reductions of Bcl-2 and CDK2/CDK4 expression. The investigations of wound healing and colony formation demonstrated strawberry tree honey decreased the cell migration and survival properties, related to EMT, in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The suppression of EMT ability in MCF-7 cells might be achieved by reduced expressions of p-Akt, MMP-9, β-Catenin, Smad4, Twist, and Snail. Results from 3D model showed that strawberry tree honey inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 CSCs enriched spheroids. In addition, STH treatment caused disorder in MCF-7 CSCs enriched spheroids, included the suppression of the mitochondrial function by reducing the basal respiration, maximal respiration, spare respiratory capacity, and ATP production, the induction of cell apoptosis by increasing the expression of p53, and the inhibition of drug efflux and EMT capacity by decreasing the CD133 while increasing E-cadherin expression. Taking all above, current study preliminarily demonstrated the anti-proliferation effects of strawberry tree honey on breast cancer cells and breast cancer stem (-like) cells enriched spheroids, and partially revealed the molecular mechanism.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


