Patent landscapes and essential technical standards enabling low-carbon maritime operations

This paper provides a formal overview of patents within the evolving technology realm essential for shaping the future of sustainable maritime operations. Despite its critical role in global trade and financial security, the maritime sector lags in digitalisation and automation compared to other industries. Given the shipping industry's contribution to carbon emissions, urgent action is needed to preserve ocean ecosystems. Geopolitical uncertainties, sanctions, and energy source disruptions have amplified costs and emphasised the need to modernise. Navigating the complex landscape of innovative technologies, such as emission trackers, weather routing, and Artificial Intelligence powered Internet of Things sensors, presents challenges for shipping companies and stakeholders. This study aims to bridge the gap by analysing 2,816 global patent grants to reveal how emerging technologies can reduce emissions and improve operational efficiency in maritime activities, each encompassing key thematic areas and sustainable practices. Furthermore, we present an overview of emerging standards that support the integration of digital technologies in low carbon maritime activities. Our analysis reveals key technological innovation opportunities that can aid policymakers and stakeholders in assessment of the benefits and challenges of integration.