Healthcare Associated infections: European comparative analysis and forensic expertise in compensation systems

Background/Objectives. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent one of the most common and serious complications of healthcare, significantly impacting both clinical outcomes and medicolegal processes. The rising incidence of HAIs has led to increased attention toward compensation mechanisms. In Europe, there are various compensation systems for personal injury, and HAIs can also be considered in the calculation of redressable biological damage. Methods. This study provides a comparative analysis of compensation systems in selected European countries, focusing specifically on the treatment of HAIs. All studies published between 2013 and 2023 on HAIs and compensation systems have been accounted for, yielding 296 relevant articles, of which 21 met the inclusion criteria. Further literature, data, and additional records were identified through hand searching. Results. The aim of this review is to explore the most effective compensation systems for HAIs and to emphasize the critical role of forensic expertise in these processes. Notably, no-fault compensation systems emerged as more efficient and cost-effective, offering faster resolution times compared to fault-based models. Conclusions. In all systems, forensic medical experts play an essential role in assessing cases and determining appropriate compensation.