Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are chemical compounds structurally characterized by a tail of fluorinated carbon chain and a head of carboxylic or sulfonic group. These structure gives unique physicochemical properties, such as impermeability to water and greases, resistance to heat and abrasion, which are the reason of the PFAS commercial success. However, their stability to degradation represents a high risk, due to the accumulation in soil, air and water. In 2013, high concentrations of short-chain PFAS were detected in the groundwater, surface water and drinking water of an area of Veneto Region, Italy. The aim of this research was to develop and validate an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 17 PFAS in human serum and semen following the Green Chemistry principles, and its application for the human biomonitoring of these matrices from 528 male volunteers from the Red Area of Veneto Region. The extraction procedure was performed using QuEChERS salts and the separation of the analytes was obtained through an Acquity BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 µm, Waters Corporation). Results highlighted high perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) concentrations in serum (mean: 41.5 ng/mL), followed by perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS, mean: 4.6 ng/mL) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS, mean: 4.5 ng/mL). Differently, only PFOA was detected above 1 ng/mL in semen (mean: 1.8 ng/mL). Furthermore, a positive correlation between serum and semen PFOA concentrations was found. This study represented a significant step forward in PFAS analysis and human biomonitoring, highlighting the importance of following Green Chemistry principles in modern analytical methodologies; moreover, the present research demonstrated the PFAS long-term accumulation in biological matrices, including semen.
Le sostanze perfluoroalchiliche (PFAS) sono composti caratterizzati strutturalmente da una coda di atomi di carbonio fluorurati e una testa che include un gruppo solfonico o carbossilico. Questa struttura conferisce caratteristiche chimico-fisiche uniche, come l’impermeabilità ad acqua e grassi, resistenza al calore e alle abrasioni. Queste proprietà sono alla base del successo commerciale dei PFAS. La loro stabilità alla degradazione, tuttavia, rappresenta un rischio elevato dovuto all’accumulo nel suolo, nell’aria e nell’acqua. Nel 2013, sono state rilevate alte concentrazioni di PFAS a catena corta nelle acque sotterranee, superficiali e in quelle potabili di un’area della Regione Veneto, in Italia. Lo scopo di questo progetto di ricerca è stato quello di sviluppare e validare un metodo analitico in cromatografia liquida-spettrometria di massa tandem (UPLC-MS/MS) per la determinazione simultanea di 17 PFAS in siero e liquido seminale umani, seguendo i principi della Green Chemistry. Tale metodo, successivamente, è stato applicato per il biomonitoraggio dei livelli dei suddetti PFAS nel siero e nel liquido seminale di 528 volontari di sesso maschile provenienti dalla “Zona Rossa” della Regione Veneto. I risultati hanno evidenziato elevate concentrazioni di acido perfluoroottanoico (PFOA) in siero (media: 41.5 ng/mL), seguito dall’acido perfluoroesansolfonico (PFHxS, media: 4.6 ng/mL) e dall’acido perfluoroottansolfonico (PFOS, media: 4.5 ng/mL). Diversamente, l’unico composto rilevato al di sopra della concentrazione di 1 ng/mL nel liquido seminale è stato il PFOA (media: 1.8 ng/mL), mostrando una correlazione positiva con i livelli in siero. Questo studio rappresenta un importante step nell’analisi di PFAS e nel relativo biomonitoraggio umano, evidenziando l’importanza della Green Chemistry nelle metodologie analitiche innovative. Infine, questa ricerca ha confermato l’accumulo a lungo termine di PFAS nelle matrici biologiche, incluso il liquido seminale.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) analysis and biomonitoring in Veneto Region / DI GIORGI, Alessandro. - (2025 May 26).
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) analysis and biomonitoring in Veneto Region
DI GIORGI, ALESSANDRO
2025-05-26
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are chemical compounds structurally characterized by a tail of fluorinated carbon chain and a head of carboxylic or sulfonic group. These structure gives unique physicochemical properties, such as impermeability to water and greases, resistance to heat and abrasion, which are the reason of the PFAS commercial success. However, their stability to degradation represents a high risk, due to the accumulation in soil, air and water. In 2013, high concentrations of short-chain PFAS were detected in the groundwater, surface water and drinking water of an area of Veneto Region, Italy. The aim of this research was to develop and validate an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 17 PFAS in human serum and semen following the Green Chemistry principles, and its application for the human biomonitoring of these matrices from 528 male volunteers from the Red Area of Veneto Region. The extraction procedure was performed using QuEChERS salts and the separation of the analytes was obtained through an Acquity BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 µm, Waters Corporation). Results highlighted high perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) concentrations in serum (mean: 41.5 ng/mL), followed by perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS, mean: 4.6 ng/mL) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS, mean: 4.5 ng/mL). Differently, only PFOA was detected above 1 ng/mL in semen (mean: 1.8 ng/mL). Furthermore, a positive correlation between serum and semen PFOA concentrations was found. This study represented a significant step forward in PFAS analysis and human biomonitoring, highlighting the importance of following Green Chemistry principles in modern analytical methodologies; moreover, the present research demonstrated the PFAS long-term accumulation in biological matrices, including semen.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.