Integrated studies to optimize safety and resilience of urban water distribution, drainage and treatment systems

Climate change is increasing the frequency of extreme events such as droughts and floods, threatening the availability of water resources and the effectiveness of urban drainage systems. It is therefore essential to develop sustainable action plans aimed at addressing local needs. The analysis of the hydrogeological and water balance of the ATO1 basin (Marche Region) highlighted the need to develop different optimization scenarios for urban water resource management. Additionally, the analysis of water consumption in Third Sector Entities, at the building, occupant, and system level, has enabled the identification of key factors for reducing the water footprint through the application of Best Environmental Management Practices (BEMPs). An integrated approach to water resource management, based on risk analysis, is crucial for preventing potential issues. Therefore, the development of Water Safety Plans (PSA), applied to various case studies, allowed for the identification of the most critical hazardous events. In a context of water scarcity, the recovery of non-conventional water through alternative technological solutions is essential for supporting the circular economy. In the framework of the H2020 HYDROUSA project, a Transferability and Replicability Plan was developed to assess the applicability of HYDRO solutions in different territorial contexts. Finally, in optimizing urban drainage systems, the modeling of sewer networks, calibrated with on-site qualitative and quantitative data, is a critical step. An application in a coastal basin allowed for the evaluation of the environmental impact associated with the activation of Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO). Additionally, in the HEU WATERUN project, a calculation tool was developed to assess human health and environmental risks associated with the reuse/discharge of runoff water, based on QMRA and QCRA analysis.