Fungal diseases can be responsible for severe losses in agricultural production, and fungicides are the most widely used tools for their management. This research evaluated the effectiveness of natural substances against major fungal diseases of grapevine, seed-bearing cabbage and onion, and harvested oranges. Treatments with chitosan were comparable in effectiveness to copper in managing grapevine downy mildew. Under conditions of high downy mildew pressure (disease incidence on the untreated control (DI) of 93% on leaves and 85% on bunches), chitosan reduced the disease, expressed as McKinney Index (MKI), by 76% and 72% on leaves and bunches respectively, compared to the control. COS-OGA based strategies provided protection levels from grapevine powdery mildew similar to sulfur. With DI of 62% on leaves and 91% on bunches, MKI reductions of 85% on leaves and 46% on bunches, as compared to the control, were observed. On onion, with 69% DI of overall fungal diseases, chitosan reduced downy mildew and infections caused by Stemphylium vesicarium and Botrytis spp. Compared to untreated plants, the MKI was reduced by 59%. COS-OGA effectively controlled downy mildew, Alternaria spp., and reduced the MKI by 78%. With DI of 100%, COS-OGA added to standard treatments improved their effectiveness, reducing the MKI by 23% compared to the standard. On cabbage, terpenes reduced necrosis up to 45%, 47%, and 78% on leaves, stems, and pods respectively. Moreover, chitosan exhibited high antimicrobial activity in vitro on several isolates of Penicillium spp. and effectiveness in preventing rots on harvested oranges. Chitosan reduced the incidence of decay caused by fungicide-resistant Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum strains by 68% and 76%, respectively, compared to conventionally treated oranges. This research explored new compounds for plant protection that can serve as support to chemical fungicides, which are increasingly restricted.
Le malattie fungine possono causare gravi perdite nelle produzioni agricole, ed i trattamenti fungicidi sono fondamentali per la loro gestione. La ricerca ha valutato l’efficacia di sostanze naturali contro malattie fungine di vite, cavolo e cipolla da seme, ed arance in postraccolta. Su vite, il chitosano ha eguagliato il rame nella gestione della peronospora. In condizioni di elevata pressione peronosporica (diffusione della malattia sul testimone non trattato (D) del 93% sulle foglie e 85% sui grappoli), il chitosano ha ridotto l’intensità di malattia, espressa come Indice di McKinney (IMK) del 76% sulle foglie e 72% sui grappoli rispetto al testimone. Strategie a base di COS-OGA hanno assicurato una protezione antioidica paragonabile allo zolfo. Con D del 62% su foglie e 91% su grappoli, sono state osservate riduzioni dell’IMK dell’85% e del 46% rispetto al testimone. Su cipolla, con D di malattia totale del 69%, il chitosano ha controllato la peronospora e le infezioni di Stemphylium vesicarium e Botrytis spp. Rispetto al non trattato, l’IMK delle malattie è stato ridotto del 59%. COS-OGA ha controllato peronospora, Alternaria spp. e ha ridotto l’IMK complessivo del 78%. Con D 100%, COS-OGA affiancato ai trattamenti convenzionali ne ha migliorato l’efficacia, riducendo le infezioni complessive del 23% rispetto allo standard chimico. Su cavolo, trattamenti con terpeni hanno ridotto le necrosi fino al 45%, 47% e 78% rispettivamente su foglie, steli e silique. Infine, il chitosano ha mostrato un’elevata attività antimicrobica su diversi isolati di Penicillium spp., ed efficacia nel prevenire marciumi su arance in postraccolta. Il chitosano ha ridotto del 68% e 76% l’incidenza di ceppi di Penicillium digitatum e Penicillium italicum resistenti ai fungicidi su arance, rispetto a quelle trattate convenzionalmente. Questa ricerca ha esplorato nuovi composti per la protezione delle piante, i quali possono essere utili come supporto ai fungicidi chimici, sempre più soggetti a restrizioni.
Use of basic substances for the management of pre and postharvest diseases of plants / Piancatelli, Simone. - (2025 Mar 28).
Use of basic substances for the management of pre and postharvest diseases of plants
PIANCATELLI, SIMONE
2025-03-28
Abstract
Fungal diseases can be responsible for severe losses in agricultural production, and fungicides are the most widely used tools for their management. This research evaluated the effectiveness of natural substances against major fungal diseases of grapevine, seed-bearing cabbage and onion, and harvested oranges. Treatments with chitosan were comparable in effectiveness to copper in managing grapevine downy mildew. Under conditions of high downy mildew pressure (disease incidence on the untreated control (DI) of 93% on leaves and 85% on bunches), chitosan reduced the disease, expressed as McKinney Index (MKI), by 76% and 72% on leaves and bunches respectively, compared to the control. COS-OGA based strategies provided protection levels from grapevine powdery mildew similar to sulfur. With DI of 62% on leaves and 91% on bunches, MKI reductions of 85% on leaves and 46% on bunches, as compared to the control, were observed. On onion, with 69% DI of overall fungal diseases, chitosan reduced downy mildew and infections caused by Stemphylium vesicarium and Botrytis spp. Compared to untreated plants, the MKI was reduced by 59%. COS-OGA effectively controlled downy mildew, Alternaria spp., and reduced the MKI by 78%. With DI of 100%, COS-OGA added to standard treatments improved their effectiveness, reducing the MKI by 23% compared to the standard. On cabbage, terpenes reduced necrosis up to 45%, 47%, and 78% on leaves, stems, and pods respectively. Moreover, chitosan exhibited high antimicrobial activity in vitro on several isolates of Penicillium spp. and effectiveness in preventing rots on harvested oranges. Chitosan reduced the incidence of decay caused by fungicide-resistant Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum strains by 68% and 76%, respectively, compared to conventionally treated oranges. This research explored new compounds for plant protection that can serve as support to chemical fungicides, which are increasingly restricted.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Tesi_Piancatelli.pdf
embargo fino al 30/09/2026
Descrizione: Tesi_Piancatelli
Tipologia:
Tesi di dottorato
Licenza d'uso:
Creative commons
Dimensione
17.85 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
17.85 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri Richiedi una copia |
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.