The aquafeed industry faces sustainability and efficiency challenges due to its reliance on traditional protein sources and the limited palatability of alternative ingredients. This latter aspect leads to reduced fish feed intake, suboptimal growth, financial losses, and environmental degradation. In addition, natural feed attractants present both sustainability issues and variability in effectiveness. In light of this, synthetic flavors, widely used in the food industry, offer a promising alternative due to their reproducibility, safety, and cost-effectiveness. The present PhD thesis explores the potential of liquid synthetic flavors as feed attractants for aquaculture species. Using a multidisciplinary approach, experiments were conducted on zebrafish (Danio rerio), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), and Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), assessing the flavors' effects on fish overall physiological responses. Different synthetic flavors (cheese, caramel, and coconut) and their solvent (propylene glycol) were tested across life stages, with initial trials on zebrafish providing insights for subsequent investigations on commercially relevant species. The results obtained highlighted the potential of cheese and caramel flavors as effective feed attractants in both zebrafish and seabass. In addition, the incorporation process within the feed was implemented through a flavor’s microencapsulation process, which improved their stability and release in water. The final trial, conducted under farm-like conditions on Gilthead sea bream, demonstrated the practicality of this approach in commercial aquaculture settings. This research provides a novel framework for integrating synthetic flavors into aquafeeds, addressing palatability issues while promoting sustainability and economic viability in aquaculture.
Il settore mangimistico dell'acquacoltura si trova ad affrontare problematiche di sostenibilità ed efficienza a causa della dipendenza da fonti proteiche tradizionali e della limitata appetibilità di ingredienti alternativi. Quest'ultimo aspetto comporta una ridotta assunzione di mangime da parte dei pesci, una crescita non ottimale, perdite finanziarie e impatto ambientale. Inoltre, i feed attractants convenzionali, presentano problemi di sostenibilità e variabilità nell'efficacia. Pertanto, gli aromi sintetici, largamente impiegati nell'industria alimentare, offrono un'alternativa promettente grazie alla loro riproducibilità, sicurezza ed ecosostenibilità. La presente tesi di dottorato esplora il potenziale degli aromi sintetici liquidi come feed attractants per le specie di acquacoltura. Utilizzando un approccio multidisciplinare, sono stati condotti esperimenti su zebrafish (Danio rerio), spigola (Dicentrarchus labrax) e orata (Sparus aurata), valutando gli effetti degli aromi sulle risposte fisiologiche generali dei pesci. In particolare, sono stati testati diversi aromi sintetici (formaggio, caramello e cocco) e il loro solvente (glicole propilenico) nelle diverse fasi del ciclo vitale, con le prove iniziali su zebrafish che hanno fornito informazioni utili per le successive indagini relative a specie di interesse commerciale. I risultati ottenuti hanno evidenziato il potenziale degli aromi attrattivi formaggio e caramello come efficaci feed attractants sia in zebrafish che in spigola. Inoltre, il processo di incorporazione all'interno del mangime è stato ottimizzato attraverso un processo di microincapsulamento degli aromi, che ne ha migliorato la stabilità e il rilascio in acqua. La prova finale, condotta in condizioni simili a quelle di un allevamento intensivo, ha dimostrato la versatilità di questo approccio in contesti di acquacoltura commerciale. Questa ricerca fornisce un quadro innovativo per l'integrazione degli aromi sintetici nei mangimi per acquacoltura, affrontando i problemi di appetibilità, promuovendo al contempo la sostenibilità e la redditività economica dell'acquacoltura.
Use of flavorings to improve the palatability of aquafeeds used in aquaculture: a multidisciplinary approach to better understand teleost physiological responses / Conti, Federico. - (2025 Mar 28).
Use of flavorings to improve the palatability of aquafeeds used in aquaculture: a multidisciplinary approach to better understand teleost physiological responses
CONTI, FEDERICO
2025-03-28
Abstract
The aquafeed industry faces sustainability and efficiency challenges due to its reliance on traditional protein sources and the limited palatability of alternative ingredients. This latter aspect leads to reduced fish feed intake, suboptimal growth, financial losses, and environmental degradation. In addition, natural feed attractants present both sustainability issues and variability in effectiveness. In light of this, synthetic flavors, widely used in the food industry, offer a promising alternative due to their reproducibility, safety, and cost-effectiveness. The present PhD thesis explores the potential of liquid synthetic flavors as feed attractants for aquaculture species. Using a multidisciplinary approach, experiments were conducted on zebrafish (Danio rerio), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), and Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), assessing the flavors' effects on fish overall physiological responses. Different synthetic flavors (cheese, caramel, and coconut) and their solvent (propylene glycol) were tested across life stages, with initial trials on zebrafish providing insights for subsequent investigations on commercially relevant species. The results obtained highlighted the potential of cheese and caramel flavors as effective feed attractants in both zebrafish and seabass. In addition, the incorporation process within the feed was implemented through a flavor’s microencapsulation process, which improved their stability and release in water. The final trial, conducted under farm-like conditions on Gilthead sea bream, demonstrated the practicality of this approach in commercial aquaculture settings. This research provides a novel framework for integrating synthetic flavors into aquafeeds, addressing palatability issues while promoting sustainability and economic viability in aquaculture.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.