Chan Chan, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1986, is the largest pre-Columbian city in Latin America located about 550 km north of Lima, along the northern coast of Peru. During the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the lack of intervention by the protection and supervisory authorities, local communities expanded agricultural and building activities beyond the permitted limits. Such uncontrolled and difficult-to-assess activities may pose a threat to the entire archaeological site. To estimate how the area surrounding the archaeological site has changed because of the pandemic, a Land Cover/Land User classification and change detection analysis was performed on remote sensing data. Using the time series provided by satellite imagery (Sentinel-2), an assessment of environmental changes and urban growth was conducted over the period 2016-2022. The processing carried out with the Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) software was imported into the GIS environment. The effects of the pandemic were assessed by analyzing the following classification indices: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI), Normalized Archaeological Index (NAI). After extrapolating the histograms of the NDVI, NDBI and NAI images, thematic maps were created for a more detailed study. An inversely proportional correlation was found between the NDVI and NDBI indexes. The NAI index was found to be a recognition index of the archaeological site elements. The results of the spectral analysis showed that there was no reduction in the archaeological area over the period 2016-2022.
Chan Chan, patrimonio UNESCO dal 1986, è la più grande città precolombiana dell'America Latina situata a circa 550 km a nord di Lima, lungo la costa settentrionale del Perù. Durante la pandemia COVID-19, a causa della mancanza di interventi da parte delle autorità di tutela e vigilanza, le comunità locali hanno ampliato le attività agricole e edilizie oltre i limiti consentiti. Tali attività incontrollate e difficilmente valutabili possono rappresentare una minaccia per l'intero sito archeologico. Per stimare come l'area circostante il sito archeologico sia cambiata in seguito alla pandemia, è stata effettuata una classificazione LC/LU e un’analisi change detection su dati remote sensing. Grazie alle serie temporali fornite dalle immagini satellitari (Sentinel-2), nel periodo 2016-2022, è stata condotta una valutazione dei cambiamenti ambientali e della crescita urbana. Sono stati importati in ambiente GIS le elaborazioni effettuate col software Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP). La valutazione degli effetti della pandemia è avvenuta attraverso l’analisi dei seguenti indici di classificazione: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI), Normalized Archaeological Index (NAI). Estrapolati gli istogrammi delle immagini NDVI, NDBI e NAI, sono state create delle mappe tematiche per uno studio più dettagliato. Una correlazione inversamente proporzionale si è riscontrata tra gli indici NDVI e NDBI: all’aumentare di uno, diminuiva l’altro e viceversa. L’indice NAI è risultato essere un indice di riconoscimento degli elementi del sito archeologico.
I STIMA DEGLI EFFETTI DELLA PANDEMIA COVID-19 SULLE AREE ARCHEOLOGICHE ATTRAVERSO TECNICHE DI REMOTE SENSING: SITO UNESCO CHAN CHAN (PERÙ) / Malinverni, Eva Savina; Sanità, Marsia; Di Stefano, Francesco; Colosi, Francesca; Pierdicca, Roberto.. - In: BOLLETTINO DELLA SOCIETÀ ITALIANA DI FOTOGRAMMETRIA E TOPOGRAFIA. - ISSN 1721-971X. - ELETTRONICO. - 1(2024)(2024).
I STIMA DEGLI EFFETTI DELLA PANDEMIA COVID-19 SULLE AREE ARCHEOLOGICHE ATTRAVERSO TECNICHE DI REMOTE SENSING: SITO UNESCO CHAN CHAN (PERÙ)
Malinverni, Eva Savina;Sanità, Marsia;Di Stefano, Francesco;Pierdicca, Roberto.
2024-01-01
Abstract
Chan Chan, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1986, is the largest pre-Columbian city in Latin America located about 550 km north of Lima, along the northern coast of Peru. During the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the lack of intervention by the protection and supervisory authorities, local communities expanded agricultural and building activities beyond the permitted limits. Such uncontrolled and difficult-to-assess activities may pose a threat to the entire archaeological site. To estimate how the area surrounding the archaeological site has changed because of the pandemic, a Land Cover/Land User classification and change detection analysis was performed on remote sensing data. Using the time series provided by satellite imagery (Sentinel-2), an assessment of environmental changes and urban growth was conducted over the period 2016-2022. The processing carried out with the Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) software was imported into the GIS environment. The effects of the pandemic were assessed by analyzing the following classification indices: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI), Normalized Archaeological Index (NAI). After extrapolating the histograms of the NDVI, NDBI and NAI images, thematic maps were created for a more detailed study. An inversely proportional correlation was found between the NDVI and NDBI indexes. The NAI index was found to be a recognition index of the archaeological site elements. The results of the spectral analysis showed that there was no reduction in the archaeological area over the period 2016-2022.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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