Environmental issues are now at the center of the world's discussions and apprehensions. Conflict in environmental matters is steadily escalating: amplified and at the center of debate, not least because of climate issues, it leads to increasingly difficult litigation management by the ordinary courts. In the wake of this awareness, the present reflections are inserted. As a preliminary step, it was deemed appropriate to delve into the study of the notion of the environment, a step that is inevitably preliminary to the consideration of environmental damage. On this occasion, we will reflect on the importance of the concept - not only legal - of the future, declined according to the logical precipitates of sustainable development, natural resources and future generations, the latter being the main recipients of the implications of environmental damage. Having shed light on the preceding aspects, in order to identify how the legal system can respond to the just demands for protection made by the injured parties, it will be necessary to respond to the growing need to identify what environmental damage is and what environmental damage is not. The analysis of environmental damage makes it possible to highlight the merits and shortcomings of the regulations provided for environmental liability. Valuing the role of cives in environmental litigation and comforted by the multidimensional structure of liability, we will question the proper quantification of environmental damage when determining measures aimed at protecting offended Nature. Having acquired these concepts, we take on the idea that a system of environmental justice can be truly effective only if it turns out to be complemented by instruments of protection of a different nature: a renewed assessment of the ways in which to deal with environmental conflicts in a logic of expeditiousness and breadth of protection becomes urgent. Following this guideline, and under the aegis of the valorization of bargaining autonomy as the instrument through which the deserving interests of the human person are protected, we come to affirm how alternative ways of handling disputes can make an appreciable contribution on the subject of ecocontractual damage. One will have the opportunity to note how bargaining autonomy turns out to be a suitable forum for the settlement of environmental disputes. The principle of subsidiarity (art. 118 cost.), declined according to the criterion of sustainability, legitimizes the citizen to realize general interests, such as the protection of Nature, while respecting the principles of differentiation, adequacy and proportionality Following this trajectory would succeed in enhancing even more the role of civil law in the context of those areas historically governed by command and control. Finally, the opportunity is taken to enhance the contribution recently made by the OECD Guidelines, which has stimulated the creation of national fora (the so-called National Contact Points: NCPs) in which a consensual solution to environmental disputes is encouraged, also and above all at the instance of private parties. In addressing the issue, however, it is necessary not to abandon some basic preconceptions: an approach that takes into account the increasing sensitivity of citizens with respect to environmental issues requires not to transcend the principle of subsidiarity (art. 118 cost.) and solidaristic instances (art. 2 cost.): the assumption of a perspective that is both systematic and axiological will be necessary to illuminate the object of protection and to investigate the right remedies.
Le tematiche ambientali sono ormai al centro delle discussioni e delle apprensioni del mondo. La conflittualità in materia ambientale è in costante recrudescenza: amplificata e al centro del dibattito, anche a causa delle problematiche legate alle questioni climatiche, conduce a una sempre più difficile gestione del contenzioso da parte della giurisdizione ordinaria. Nel solco di tale presa di coscienza, si inseriscono le presenti riflessioni. In via preliminare si è ritenuto opportuno approfondire lo studio della nozione di ambiente, passaggio inevitabilmente pregiudiziale per la considerazione del danno ambientale. Con l’occasione si rifletterà sull’importanza del concetto – non solo giuridico – di futuro, declinato secondo i precipitati logici dello sviluppo sostenibile, delle risorse naturali e delle generazioni future, quest’ultime principali destinatarie dei risvolti dei danni ambientali. Fatta luce sui precedenti aspetti, al fine di individuare come il sistema ordinamentale può rispondere alle giuste istanze di tutela mosse dai soggetti danneggiati, toccherà rispondere alla crescente necessità di indentificare ciò che danno ambientale è e ciò che danno ambientale non è. L’analisi del danno ambientale consente di porre in luce pregi e difetti della normativa prevista in tema di responsabilità ambientale. Valorizzato il ruolo dei cives nel contenzioso ambientale e confortati dalla struttura pluridimensionale della responsabilità, ci si interrogherà sulla corretta quantificazione del danno ambientale in sede di determinazione delle misure vòlte alla tutela della Natura offesa. Acquisiti tali concetti, ci si pone nell’idea che un sistema di giustizia ambientale può essere realmente efficace solo se risulta essere integrato da strumenti di tutela di natura diversa: si palesa impellente una rinnovata valutazione sulle modalità con le quali affrontare i conflitti ambientali in una logica di speditezza e ampiezza di protezione. Seguendo questa linea conduttrice, e sotto l’egida della valorizzazione dell’autonomia negoziale, quale strumento attraverso il quale si tutelano gli interessi meritevoli della persona umana, si giunge ad affermare come le modalità alternative di gestione delle controversie possano offrire un apprezzabile contributo in tema di danno ecocaratterizzato. Si avrà l’occasione di notare come l’autonomia negoziale risulta essere sede idonea per la composizione della conflittualità ambientale. Il principio di sussidiarietà (art. 118 cost.), declinato secondo il criterio della sostenibilità, legittima il cittadino a realizzare interessi generali, quale è la tutela della Natura, nel rispetto dei princípi di differenziazione, adeguatezza e proporzionalità Seguendo questa traiettoria, si riuscirebbe a valorizzare ancor di più il ruolo del diritto civile nell’àmbito di quei settori storicamente governati dal command and control. Infine, viene colta l’opportunità di valorizzare il contributo di recente offerto dalle Linee Guida dell’OCSE che ha stimolato la creazione di sedi nazionali (i cd. Punti di Contatto Nazionali: PCN) nelle quali si favorisce una soluzione consensuale della conflittualità ambientale, anche e soprattutto su istanza dei privati. Nell’affrontare il tema occorre, tuttavia, non abbandonare alcuni preconcetti di base: un approccio che tenga conto della sempre maggiore sensibilità dei cittadini rispetto ai temi ambientali impone di non trascendere dal principio di sussidiarietà (art. 118 cost.) e da istanze solidaristiche (art. 2 cost.): l’assunzione di una prospettiva insieme sistematica e assiologica sarà necessaria per illuminare l’oggetto della tutela e per indagare sui giusti rimedi.
Ambiente, danno e sistemi alternativi di risoluzione delle controversie / Sanfilippo, Sofia. - (2024 Mar 25).
Ambiente, danno e sistemi alternativi di risoluzione delle controversie
SANFILIPPO, SOFIA
2024-03-25
Abstract
Environmental issues are now at the center of the world's discussions and apprehensions. Conflict in environmental matters is steadily escalating: amplified and at the center of debate, not least because of climate issues, it leads to increasingly difficult litigation management by the ordinary courts. In the wake of this awareness, the present reflections are inserted. As a preliminary step, it was deemed appropriate to delve into the study of the notion of the environment, a step that is inevitably preliminary to the consideration of environmental damage. On this occasion, we will reflect on the importance of the concept - not only legal - of the future, declined according to the logical precipitates of sustainable development, natural resources and future generations, the latter being the main recipients of the implications of environmental damage. Having shed light on the preceding aspects, in order to identify how the legal system can respond to the just demands for protection made by the injured parties, it will be necessary to respond to the growing need to identify what environmental damage is and what environmental damage is not. The analysis of environmental damage makes it possible to highlight the merits and shortcomings of the regulations provided for environmental liability. Valuing the role of cives in environmental litigation and comforted by the multidimensional structure of liability, we will question the proper quantification of environmental damage when determining measures aimed at protecting offended Nature. Having acquired these concepts, we take on the idea that a system of environmental justice can be truly effective only if it turns out to be complemented by instruments of protection of a different nature: a renewed assessment of the ways in which to deal with environmental conflicts in a logic of expeditiousness and breadth of protection becomes urgent. Following this guideline, and under the aegis of the valorization of bargaining autonomy as the instrument through which the deserving interests of the human person are protected, we come to affirm how alternative ways of handling disputes can make an appreciable contribution on the subject of ecocontractual damage. One will have the opportunity to note how bargaining autonomy turns out to be a suitable forum for the settlement of environmental disputes. The principle of subsidiarity (art. 118 cost.), declined according to the criterion of sustainability, legitimizes the citizen to realize general interests, such as the protection of Nature, while respecting the principles of differentiation, adequacy and proportionality Following this trajectory would succeed in enhancing even more the role of civil law in the context of those areas historically governed by command and control. Finally, the opportunity is taken to enhance the contribution recently made by the OECD Guidelines, which has stimulated the creation of national fora (the so-called National Contact Points: NCPs) in which a consensual solution to environmental disputes is encouraged, also and above all at the instance of private parties. In addressing the issue, however, it is necessary not to abandon some basic preconceptions: an approach that takes into account the increasing sensitivity of citizens with respect to environmental issues requires not to transcend the principle of subsidiarity (art. 118 cost.) and solidaristic instances (art. 2 cost.): the assumption of a perspective that is both systematic and axiological will be necessary to illuminate the object of protection and to investigate the right remedies.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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