Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been widely used in patients with COVID-19, but uncertainty remains about the determinants of in-hospital mortality and data on post-discharge outcomes are scarce. The aims of this study were to investigate the variables associated with in-hospital outcomes in patients who received ECMO during the first wave of COVID-19 and to describe the status of patients 6 months after ECMO initiation. Methods: EuroECMO-COVID is a prospective, multicentre, observational study developed by the European Extracorporeal Life Support Organization. This study was based on data from patients aged 16 years or older who received ECMO support for refractory COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic—from March 1 to Sept 13, 2020—at 133 centres in 21 countries. In-hospital mortality and mortality 6 months after ECMO initiation were the primary outcomes. Mixed-Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate associations between patient and management-related variables (eg, patient demographics, comorbidities, pre-ECMO status, and ECMO characteristics and complications) and in-hospital deaths. Survival status at 6 months was established through patient contact or institutional charts review. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04366921, and is ongoing. Findings: Between March 1 and Sept 13, 2020, 1215 patients (942 [78%] men and 267 [22%] women; median age 53 years [IQR 46–60]) were included in the study. Median ECMO duration was 15 days (IQR 8–27). 602 (50%) of 1215 patients died in hospital, and 852 (74%) patients had at least one complication. Multiorgan failure was the leading cause of death (192 [36%] of 528 patients who died with available data). In mixed-Cox analyses, age of 60 years or older, use of inotropes and vasopressors before ECMO initiation, chronic renal failure, and time from intubation to ECMO initiation of 4 days or more were associated with higher in-hospital mortality. 613 patients did not die in hospital, and 547 (95%) of 577 patients for whom data were available were alive at 6 months. 102 (24%) of 431 patients had returned to full-time work at 6 months, and 57 (13%) of 428 patients had returned to part-time work. At 6 months, respiratory rehabilitation was required in 88 (17%) of 522 patients with available data, and the most common residual symptoms included dyspnoea (185 [35%] of 523 patients) and cardiac (52 [10%] of 514 patients) or neurocognitive (66 [13%] of 512 patients) symptoms. Interpretation: Patient's age, timing of cannulation (<4 days vs ≥4 days from intubation), and use of inotropes and vasopressors are essential factors to consider when analysing the outcomes of patients receiving ECMO for COVID-19. Despite post-discharge survival being favourable, persisting long-term symptoms suggest that dedicated post-ECMO follow-up programmes are required. Funding: None.

In-hospital and 6-month outcomes in patients with COVID-19 supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (EuroECMO-COVID): a multicentre, prospective observational study / Lorusso, R.; De Piero, M. E.; Mariani, S.; Di Mauro, M.; Folliguet, T.; Taccone, F. S.; Camporota, L.; Swol, J.; Wiedemann, D.; Belliato, M.; Broman, L. M.; Vuylsteke, A.; Kassif, Y.; Scandroglio, A. M.; Fanelli, V.; Gaudard, P.; Ledot, S.; Barker, J.; Boeken, U.; Maier, S.; Kersten, A.; Meyns, B.; Pozzi, M.; Pedersen, F. M.; Schellongowski, P.; Kirali, K.; Barrett, N.; Riera, J.; Mueller, T.; Belohlavek, J.; Lo Coco, V.; Van der Horst, I. C. C.; Van Bussel, B. C. T.; Schnabel, R. M.; Delnoij, T.; Bolotin, G.; Lorini, L.; Schmiady, M. O.; Schibilsky, D.; Kowalewski, M.; Pinto, L. F.; Silva, P. E.; Kornilov, I.; Blandino Ortiz, A.; Vercaemst, L.; Finney, S.; Roeleveld, P. P.; Di Nardo, M.; Hennig, F.; Antonini, M. V.; Davidson, M.; Jones, T. J.; Staudinger, T.; Mair, P.; Kilo, J.; Krapf, C.; Erbert, K.; Peer, A.; Bonaros, N.; Kotheletner, F.; Krenner Mag, N.; Shestakova, L.; Hermans, G.; Dauwe, D.; Meersseman, P.; Stockman, B.; Nobile, L.; Lhereux, O.; Nrasseurs, A.; Creuter, J.; De Backer, D.; Giglioli, S.; Michiels, G.; Foulon, P.; Raes, M.; Rodrigus, I.; Allegaert, M.; Jorens, P.; Debeucklare, G.; Piagnerelli, M.; Biston, P.; Peperstraete, H.; Vandewiele, K.; Germay, O.; Vandeweghe, D.; Havrin, S.; Bourgeois, M.; Lagny, M. -G.; Alois, G.; Lavios, N.; Misset, B.; Courcelle, R.; Timmermans, P. J.; Yilmaz, A.; Vantomout, M.; Lehaen, J.; Jassen, A.; Guterman, H.; Strauven, M.; Lormans, P.; Verhamme, B.; Vandewaeter, C.; Bonte, F.; Vionne, D.; Balik, M.; Blaha, J.; Lips, M.; Othal, M.; Bursa, F.; Spacek, R.; Christensen, S.; Jorgensen, V.; Sorensen, M.; Madsen, S. A.; Puss, S.; Beljantsev, A.; Saiydoun, G.; Fiore, A.; Colson, P.; Bazalgette, F.; Capdevila, X.; Kollen, S.; Muller, L.; Obadia, J. -F.; Dubien, P. -Y.; Ajrhourh, L.; Guinot, P. G.; Zarka, J.; Besserve, P.; Malfertheiner, M. V.; Dreier, E.; Heinze, B.; Akhyari, P.; Lichtenberg, A.; Aubin, H.; Assman, A.; Saeed, D.; Thiele, H.; Baumgaertel, M.; Schmitto, J. D.; Ruslan, N.; Haverich, A.; Thielmann, M.; Brenner, T.; Ruhpawar, A.; Benk, C.; Czerny, M.; Staudacher, D. L.; Beyersdorf, F.; Kalbhenn, J.; Henn, P.; Popov, A. -F.; Iuliu, T.; Muellenbach, R.; Reyher, C.; Rolfes, C.; Lotz, G.; Sonntagbauer, M.; Winkels, H.; Fichte, J.; Stohr, R.; Kalverkamp, S.; Karagiannidis, C.; Schafer, S.; Svetlitchny, A.; Hopf, H. -B.; Jarczak, D.; Groesdonk, H.; Rommer, M.; Hirsch, J.; Kaehny, C.; Soufleris, D.; Gavriilidis, G.; Pontikis, K.; Kyriakopoulou, M.; Kyriakoudi, A.; O'Brien, S.; Conrick-Martin, I.; Carton, E.; Makhoul, M.; Ben-Ari, J.; Hadash, A.; Kogan, A.; Kassif Lerner, R.; Abu-Shakra, A.; Matan, M.; Balawona, A.; Kachel, E.; Altshuler, R.; Galante, O.; Fuchs, L.; Almog, Y.; Ishay, Y. S.; Lichter, Y.; Gal-oz, A.; Carmi, U.; Nini, A.; Soroksky, A.; Dekel, H.; Rozman, Z.; Tayem, E.; Ilgiyaev, E.; Hochman, Y.; Miltau, D.; Rapoport, A.; Eden, A.; Kompanietz, D.; Yousif, M.; Golos, M.; Grazioli, L.; Ghitti, D.; Loforte, A.; Di Luca, D.; Baiocchi, M.; Pacini, D.; Cappai, A.; Meani, P.; Mondino, M.; Russo, C. F.; Ranucci, M.; Fina, D.; Cotza, M.; Ballotta, A.; Landoni, G.; Nardelli, P.; Fominski, E. V.; Brazzi, L.; Montrucchio, G.; Sales, G.; Simonetti, U.; Livigni, S.; Silengo, D.; Arena, G.; Sovatzis, S. S.; Degani, A.; Riccardi, M.; Milanesi, E.; Raffa, G.; Martucci, G.; Arcadipane, A.; Panarello, G.; Chiarini, G.; Cattaneo, S.; Puglia, C.; Benussi, S.; Foti, G.; Giani, M.; Bombino, M.; Costa, M. C.; Rona, R.; Avalli, L.; Donati, A.; Carozza, R.; Gasparri, F.; Carsetti, A.; Piciche, M.; Marinello, A.; Danzi, V.; Zanin, A.; Condello, I.; Fiore, F.; Moscarelli, M.; Nasso, G.; Speziale, G.; Sandrelli, L.; Montalto, A.; Musumeci, F.; Circelli, A.; Russo, E.; Agnoletti, V.; Rociola, R.; Milano, A. D.; Pilato, E.; Comentale, G.; Montisci, A.; Alessandri, F.; Tosi, A.; Pugliese, F.; Giordano, G.; Carelli, S.; Grieco, D. L.; Dell'Anna, A. M.; Antonelli, M.; Ramoni, E.; Zulueta, J.; Del Giglio, M.; Petracca, S.; Bertini, P.; Guarracino, F.; De Simone, L.; Angeletti, P. M.; Forfori, F.; Taraschi, F.; Quintiliani, V. N.; Samalavicius, R.; Jankuviene, A.; Scupakova, N.; Urbonas, K.; Kapturauskas, J.; Soerensen, G.; Suwalski, P.; Linhares Santos, L.; Marques, A.; Miranda, M.; Teixeira, S.; Salgueiro, A.; Pereira, F.; Ketskalo, M.; Tsarenko, S.; Shilova, A.; Afukov, I.; Popugaev, K.; Minin, S.; Shelukhin, D.; Malceva, O.; Gleb, M.; Skopets, A.; Kornelyuk, R.; Kulikov, A.; Okhrimchuk, V.; Turchaninov, A.; Petrushin, M.; Sheck, A.; Mekulov, A.; Ciryateva, S.; Urusov, D.; Gorjup, V.; Golicnik, A.; Goslar, T.; Ferrer, R.; Martinez-Martinez, M.; Argudo, E.; Palmer, N.; De Pablo Sanchez, R.; Juan Higuera, L.; Arnau Blasco, L.; Marquez, J. A.; Sbraga, F.; Fuset, M. P.; De Gopegui, P. R.; Claraco, L. M.; De Ayala, J. A.; Peiro, M.; Ricart, P.; Martinez, S.; Chavez, F.; Fabra, M.; Sandoval, E.; Toapanta, D.; Carraminana, A.; Tellez, A.; Ososio, J.; Milan, P.; Rodriguez, J.; Andoni, G.; Gutierrez, C.; Perez de la Sota, E.; Eixeres-Esteve, A.; Garcia-Maellas, M. T.; Gutierrez-Gutierrez, J.; Arboleda-Salazar, R.; Santa Teresa, P.; Jaspe, A.; Garrido, A.; Castaneda, G.; Alcantara, S.; Martinez, N.; Perez, M.; Villanueva, H.; Vidal Gonzalez, A.; Paez, J.; Santon, A.; Perez, C.; Lopez, M.; Rubio Lopez, M. I.; Gordillo, A.; Naranjo-Izurieta, J.; Munoz, J.; Alcalde, I.; Onieva, F.; Gimeno Costa, R.; Perez, F.; Madrid, I.; Gordon, M.; Albacete Moreno, C. L.; Perez, D.; Lopez, N.; Martinenz, D.; Blanco-Schweizer, P.; Diez, C.; Perez, D.; Prieto, A.; Renedo, G.; Bustamante, E.; Cicuendez, R.; Citores, R.; Boado, V.; Garcia, K.; Voces, R.; Domezain, M.; Nunez Martinez, J. M.; Vicente, R.; Martin, D.; Andreu, A.; Gomez Casal, V.; Chico, I.; Menor, E. M.; Vara, S.; Gamacho, J.; Perez-Chomon, H.; Javier Gonzales, F.; Barrero, I.; Martin-Villen, L.; Fernandez, E.; Mendoza, M.; Navarro, J.; Colomina Climent, J.; Gonzales-Perez, A.; Muniz-Albaceita, G.; Amado, L.; Rodriguez, R.; Ruiz, E.; Eiras, M.; Grins, E.; Magnus, R.; Kanetoft, M.; Eidevald, M.; Watson, P.; Vogt, P. R.; Steiger, P.; Aigner, T.; Weber, A.; Grunefelder, J.; Kunz, M.; Grapow, M.; Aymard, T.; Reser, D.; Agus, G.; Consiglio, J.; Haenggi, M.; Hansjoerg, J.; Iten, M.; Doeble, T.; Zenklusen, U.; Bechtold, X.; Faedda, G.; Iafrate, M.; Rohjer, A.; Bergamaschi, L.; Maessen, J.; Reis Miranda, D.; Endeman, H.; Gommers, D.; Meuwese, C.; Maas, J.; Van Gijlswijk, M. J.; Van Berg, R. N.; Candura, D.; Van der Linden, M.; Kant, M.; Van der Heijden, J. J.; Scholten, E.; Van Belle-van Haren, N.; Lagrand, W. K.; Vlaar, A. P.; De Jong, S.; Cander, B.; Sargin, M.; Ugur, M.; Kaygin, M. A.; Daly, K.; Agnew, N.; Head, L.; Kelly, L.; Anoma, G.; Russell, C.; Aquino, V.; Scott, I.; Flemming, L.; Gillon, S.; Moore, O.; Gelandt, E.; Auzinger, G.; Patel, S.; Loveridge, R.. - In: THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE. - ISSN 2213-2600. - 11:2(2023), pp. 151-162. [10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00403-9]

In-hospital and 6-month outcomes in patients with COVID-19 supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (EuroECMO-COVID): a multicentre, prospective observational study

Donati A.;Carsetti A.;
2023-01-01

Abstract

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been widely used in patients with COVID-19, but uncertainty remains about the determinants of in-hospital mortality and data on post-discharge outcomes are scarce. The aims of this study were to investigate the variables associated with in-hospital outcomes in patients who received ECMO during the first wave of COVID-19 and to describe the status of patients 6 months after ECMO initiation. Methods: EuroECMO-COVID is a prospective, multicentre, observational study developed by the European Extracorporeal Life Support Organization. This study was based on data from patients aged 16 years or older who received ECMO support for refractory COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic—from March 1 to Sept 13, 2020—at 133 centres in 21 countries. In-hospital mortality and mortality 6 months after ECMO initiation were the primary outcomes. Mixed-Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate associations between patient and management-related variables (eg, patient demographics, comorbidities, pre-ECMO status, and ECMO characteristics and complications) and in-hospital deaths. Survival status at 6 months was established through patient contact or institutional charts review. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04366921, and is ongoing. Findings: Between March 1 and Sept 13, 2020, 1215 patients (942 [78%] men and 267 [22%] women; median age 53 years [IQR 46–60]) were included in the study. Median ECMO duration was 15 days (IQR 8–27). 602 (50%) of 1215 patients died in hospital, and 852 (74%) patients had at least one complication. Multiorgan failure was the leading cause of death (192 [36%] of 528 patients who died with available data). In mixed-Cox analyses, age of 60 years or older, use of inotropes and vasopressors before ECMO initiation, chronic renal failure, and time from intubation to ECMO initiation of 4 days or more were associated with higher in-hospital mortality. 613 patients did not die in hospital, and 547 (95%) of 577 patients for whom data were available were alive at 6 months. 102 (24%) of 431 patients had returned to full-time work at 6 months, and 57 (13%) of 428 patients had returned to part-time work. At 6 months, respiratory rehabilitation was required in 88 (17%) of 522 patients with available data, and the most common residual symptoms included dyspnoea (185 [35%] of 523 patients) and cardiac (52 [10%] of 514 patients) or neurocognitive (66 [13%] of 512 patients) symptoms. Interpretation: Patient's age, timing of cannulation (<4 days vs ≥4 days from intubation), and use of inotropes and vasopressors are essential factors to consider when analysing the outcomes of patients receiving ECMO for COVID-19. Despite post-discharge survival being favourable, persisting long-term symptoms suggest that dedicated post-ECMO follow-up programmes are required. Funding: None.
2023
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11566/316395
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