Over the last decades, the trend in the aquafeed formulation has been characterized by the reduction of the unsustainable use of fishmeal and fish oil in favour of alternative and more sustainable protein and lipid sources. Over the years, a number of new ingredients have been searched and tested including vegetable ones, processed animal proteins and single cell proteins but each of them showed some critical aspects for a total replacement of fishmeal. More recently, insect meal has emerged as one of the most promising new aquafeed ingredients and in particular Hermetia illucens, is in the spotlight thanks to its interesting properties. Hermetia illucens meal has a similar amino acid profile to fish meal, a high feed conversion efficiency, great ability to grow on organic by-products and contains bioactive and immunomodulant molecules like chitin and lauric acid. However, an unbalanced fatty acid profile towards saturated fatty acids requires an intervention. Following this lead, the aim of the present thesis was investigating new innovative techniques to improve the nutritional value of Hermetia illucens larvae (enriched the insect rearing substrate with spirulina, Arthrospira platensis) and subsequently produce two different experimental diets obtained by replacing 3% and 20% of fishmeal with full-fat enriched Hermetia illucens meal intended for trout and prawns. Finally, the physiological effects of the two experimental diets was analyzed in the two selected species (rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss; giant freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Results confirmed the appropriateness of the enrichment procedure and highlighted that growth and general health of trouts and prawns was not affected by the use of full-fat enriched insect meal confirming the suitability of this ingredient.
Negli ultimi decenni, la formulazione di mangimi per l’acquacoltura è stata caratterizzata dalla riduzione dell'uso di farina e olio di pesce a favore di fonti proteiche e lipidiche alternative più sostenibili. Nel corso degli anni, sono stati ricercati e testati molti nuovi ingredienti, tra cui quelli vegetali, proteine animali trasformate e proteine monocellulari, ma ognuno di essi ha mostrato alcuni aspetti critici per una sostituzione totale della farina di pesce. Più recentemente, la farina di insetti è emersa come uno dei nuovi ingredienti più promettenti per la mangimistica e, in particolare, la specie Hermetia illucens è sotto i riflettori grazie alle sue interessanti proprietà. La farina di Hermetia illucens ha un profilo amminoacidico simile a quello della farina di pesce, un'elevata efficienza di conversione dei substrati di crescita, una grande capacità di crescere su sottoprodotti organici e contiene molecole bioattive e immunomodulanti come la chitina e l’acido laurico. Tuttavia, un profilo degli acidi grassi sbilanciato verso gli acidi grassi saturi richiede un intervento. Alla luce di questo, lo scopo della presente tesi di dottorato è stato quello di indagare nuove tecniche innovative per migliorare i valori nutrizionali delle larve di Hermetia illucens (arricchendo il substrato di allevamento dell'insetto con spirulina, Arthrospira platensis) e successivamente produrre due diverse diete sperimentali, ottenute sostituendo il 3% e il 20% di farina di pesce con farina non sgrassata di Hermetia illucens arricchita, destinate a trote e gamberi. Infine, sono stati analizzati gli effetti fisiologici delle due diete sperimentali in due specie selezionate (trota iridea, Oncorhynchus mykiss e gambero gigante d'acqua dolce, Macrobrachium rosenbergii) allevati. I risultati hanno confermato l'adeguatezza della procedura di arricchimento e hanno evidenziato che la crescita e la salute generale di trote e gamberi non sono state influenzate dall'uso di farina non sgrassata d’insetto arricchito, confermando l'idoneità di questo ingrediente.
Development of circular economy in the Marche Agrifood supply chain: from vegetable waste to the production of valuable fish species / Ratti, Stefano. - (2023 Jun 15).
Development of circular economy in the Marche Agrifood supply chain: from vegetable waste to the production of valuable fish species
RATTI, STEFANO
2023-06-15
Abstract
Over the last decades, the trend in the aquafeed formulation has been characterized by the reduction of the unsustainable use of fishmeal and fish oil in favour of alternative and more sustainable protein and lipid sources. Over the years, a number of new ingredients have been searched and tested including vegetable ones, processed animal proteins and single cell proteins but each of them showed some critical aspects for a total replacement of fishmeal. More recently, insect meal has emerged as one of the most promising new aquafeed ingredients and in particular Hermetia illucens, is in the spotlight thanks to its interesting properties. Hermetia illucens meal has a similar amino acid profile to fish meal, a high feed conversion efficiency, great ability to grow on organic by-products and contains bioactive and immunomodulant molecules like chitin and lauric acid. However, an unbalanced fatty acid profile towards saturated fatty acids requires an intervention. Following this lead, the aim of the present thesis was investigating new innovative techniques to improve the nutritional value of Hermetia illucens larvae (enriched the insect rearing substrate with spirulina, Arthrospira platensis) and subsequently produce two different experimental diets obtained by replacing 3% and 20% of fishmeal with full-fat enriched Hermetia illucens meal intended for trout and prawns. Finally, the physiological effects of the two experimental diets was analyzed in the two selected species (rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss; giant freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Results confirmed the appropriateness of the enrichment procedure and highlighted that growth and general health of trouts and prawns was not affected by the use of full-fat enriched insect meal confirming the suitability of this ingredient.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi_Ratti.pdf
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Descrizione: Tesi_Ratti
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Tesi di dottorato
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