The phenomenon of new psychoactive substances is constantly evolving, with novel synthetic opioids (NSOs) representing a fast growing subclass. From 2014 onwards, illicit fentanyl and analogues have caused numerous intoxications and fatalities worldwide. However, due to recent legal restrictions made to contain their spread, new non fentanyl NSOs, such as acylpiperazines, emerged on the drug market. In this work the metabolism of β' Phenylfentanyl and AP 238 was investigated to provide useful markers of consumption. β' Phenylfentanyl was incubated with cryopreserved 10-donor-pooled human hepatocytes, analyses were performed by liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC HRMS) and data were processed using a partially automated targeted/untargeted approach. 26 metabolites produced by N-dealkylation, oxidation, hydroxylation, O-glucuronidation, O-methylation and combinations thereof were identified. The in vitro and in vivo metabolism of AP 238 was investigated using a pHLM assay, LC HRMS, samples of death cases and samples from a controlled oral self administration experiment, resulting in the detection of a total of 32 metabolites. The controlled oral self administration allowed to confirm the usefulness of these metabolites as proof of intake in abstinence control. These results are useful in clinical and forensic settings to treat patients, elucidate intoxications, address drug use disorders and tackle drug trends.
Il fenomeno delle nuove sostanze psicoattive è in continua evoluzione e i nuovi oppioidi sintetici (NSO) rappresentano una sottoclasse in rapida crescita. Dal 2014 in poi, il fentanil e i suoi analoghi hanno causato numerose intossicazioni e decessi in tutto il mondo. Tuttavia, a causa delle recenti restrizioni legali adottate per contenerne la loro diffusione, nuovi NSO strutturalmente diversi dal fentanil sono emersi dal mercato illegale della droga, come ad esempio le acilpiperazine. In questo lavoro è stato studiato il metabolismo del β' fenilfentanil e dell'AP 238 per fornire utili marcatori di consumo. Il β' fenilfentanil è stato incubato con epatociti umani crioconservati in pool da 10 donatori, le analisi sono state eseguite mediante cromatografia liquida-spettrometria di massa ad alta risoluzione (LC HRMS) e i dati sono stati elaborati utilizzando un approccio target/untargeted parzialmente automatizzato. Sono stati identificati 26 metaboliti prodotti per N-dealchilazione, ossidazione, idrossilazione, O-glucuronidazione, O-metilazione e loro combinazioni. Il metabolismo in vitro e in vivo dell'AP 238 è stato studiato utilizzando un saggio pHLM, LC HRMS, campioni di casi di morte e campioni provenienti da un esperimento di autosomministrazione orale controllata. In totale sono stati individuati 32 metaboliti. L'autosomministrazione orale controllata ha permesso di confermare l'utilità di questi metaboliti come prova di assunzione nel controllo dell'astinenza. Questi risultati sono utili in ambito clinico e forense per curare i pazienti, chiarire le intossicazioni, affrontare i disturbi legati all'uso di sostanze stupefacenti e monitorare la tendenza di consumo delle nuove sostanze psicoattive
Structure elucidation of novel synthetic opioid metabolites: New biomarkers of exposure in clinical and forensic toxicology / Brunetti, Pietro. - (2023 Jun 05).
Structure elucidation of novel synthetic opioid metabolites: New biomarkers of exposure in clinical and forensic toxicology
BRUNETTI, PIETRO
2023-06-05
Abstract
The phenomenon of new psychoactive substances is constantly evolving, with novel synthetic opioids (NSOs) representing a fast growing subclass. From 2014 onwards, illicit fentanyl and analogues have caused numerous intoxications and fatalities worldwide. However, due to recent legal restrictions made to contain their spread, new non fentanyl NSOs, such as acylpiperazines, emerged on the drug market. In this work the metabolism of β' Phenylfentanyl and AP 238 was investigated to provide useful markers of consumption. β' Phenylfentanyl was incubated with cryopreserved 10-donor-pooled human hepatocytes, analyses were performed by liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC HRMS) and data were processed using a partially automated targeted/untargeted approach. 26 metabolites produced by N-dealkylation, oxidation, hydroxylation, O-glucuronidation, O-methylation and combinations thereof were identified. The in vitro and in vivo metabolism of AP 238 was investigated using a pHLM assay, LC HRMS, samples of death cases and samples from a controlled oral self administration experiment, resulting in the detection of a total of 32 metabolites. The controlled oral self administration allowed to confirm the usefulness of these metabolites as proof of intake in abstinence control. These results are useful in clinical and forensic settings to treat patients, elucidate intoxications, address drug use disorders and tackle drug trends.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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