Fourier Transform InfraRed Microspectroscopy (FTIRM) represents a reliable high-resolution tool which couples IR spectroscopy with visible microscopy. This innovative setup let obtain a hyper-spectral imaging analysis of tissues and cells, identifying both the composition and structure of specific macromolecules and their topographical distribution within the samples. This PhD project aims to exploit FTIRM for deepening relevant diagnostic and therapeutic issues on neoplasms of the Head and Neck compartment (Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma, OTSCC), and the uterine district (uterine leiomyoma, and leiomyosarcoma). To this purpose, two different IR detectors were used, the single point MCT (Hg-Cd-Te) detector and the multi point FPA (Focal Plane Array) one: the former (spatial resolution of ca. 20 m) used to investigate the mechanisms involved in the drug/cell interaction, the second (spatial resolution of 2.56 m) exploited to obtain high resolution IR images of tumor tissue samples, to improve the diagnosis by identifying tumor-specific spectral markers. The huge amount of information acquired on a single sample of tissue or cells makes it necessary submitting the IR data to a multivariate statistical approach such as the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In this PhD thesis, this spectroscopic/statistical approach was applied to: (i) investigate the role of collagen in the peritumoral region of OTSCC tissue biopsies (stages from S1 to S4); (ii) in-vitro evaluate the mechanisms of action of chemotherapy drugs (Cisplatin and 5-Azacytidine) and supplements (omega-3 fatty acids) on OTSCCs (primary, cancer stem cells and cell lines), with a particular focus on cisplatin chemoresistance effects; (iii) characterize the collagen overexpressed in fibrotic disease such as uterine leiomyoma, and (iv) identify specific spectral biomarkers to strengthen the diagnosis of uterine leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma.
La Microspettroscopia Infrarossa a Trasformata di Fourier (FTIRM) è un valido strumento analitico ad alta risoluzione che accoppia la spettroscopia IR con la microscopia visibile. Questo setup innovativo permette di ottenere un’analisi imaging iper-spettrale di cellule e tessuti, identificando la composizione, la struttura delle principali macromolecole e loro distribuzione topografica nei campioni analizzati. Il mio progetto aveva lo scopo di approfondire rilevanti problematiche diagnostiche e terapeutiche riguardanti le neoplasie dei distretti testa collo (come il carcinoma orale a cellule squamose della lingua, OTSCC) e uterino (leiomioma e leiomiosarcoma). A questo scopo, sono stati usati due diversi detector IR, il single point MCT e il multipoint FPA: il primo (risoluzione spaziale ~20 m) usato per analizzare i meccanismi di interazione farmaco/cellula, il secondo (risoluzione spaziale ~2.56 m) per ottenere immagini IR di campioni di tessuto ad alta risoluzione, per migliorare la diagnosi tramite l’individuazione di marker spettrali tumore-specifici. Data la grande quantità di informazioni ottenute da un singolo campione, è necessario analizzare i dati IR tramite un approccio statistico multivariato come l’analisi gerarchica dei cluster e l’analisi delle componenti principali. Nella mia tesi, ho combinato l’approccio spettroscopico e quello statistico per approfondire i seguenti temi: (i) investigare il ruolo del collagene nella regione peritumorale di campioni bioptici di OTSCC a diversi stadi (S1-S4); (ii) valutare i meccanismi di azione di chemioterapici (Cisplatino e 5-Azacitidina) e integratori (omega-3) su campioni cellulari di OTSCC (cellule primarie, staminali e linee), con particolare attenzione alla chemioresistenza al cisplatino; (iii) caratterizzare il collagene overespresso nelle patologie fibrotiche, come il leiomioma, e (v) identificare specifici marker spettrali per rafforzare la diagnosi del leiomioma e leiomiosarcoma uterino.
High resolution FTIR spectroscopy for new insights into oncological issues / Belloni, Alessia. - (2023 Jun 15).
High resolution FTIR spectroscopy for new insights into oncological issues
BELLONI, ALESSIA
2023-06-15
Abstract
Fourier Transform InfraRed Microspectroscopy (FTIRM) represents a reliable high-resolution tool which couples IR spectroscopy with visible microscopy. This innovative setup let obtain a hyper-spectral imaging analysis of tissues and cells, identifying both the composition and structure of specific macromolecules and their topographical distribution within the samples. This PhD project aims to exploit FTIRM for deepening relevant diagnostic and therapeutic issues on neoplasms of the Head and Neck compartment (Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma, OTSCC), and the uterine district (uterine leiomyoma, and leiomyosarcoma). To this purpose, two different IR detectors were used, the single point MCT (Hg-Cd-Te) detector and the multi point FPA (Focal Plane Array) one: the former (spatial resolution of ca. 20 m) used to investigate the mechanisms involved in the drug/cell interaction, the second (spatial resolution of 2.56 m) exploited to obtain high resolution IR images of tumor tissue samples, to improve the diagnosis by identifying tumor-specific spectral markers. The huge amount of information acquired on a single sample of tissue or cells makes it necessary submitting the IR data to a multivariate statistical approach such as the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In this PhD thesis, this spectroscopic/statistical approach was applied to: (i) investigate the role of collagen in the peritumoral region of OTSCC tissue biopsies (stages from S1 to S4); (ii) in-vitro evaluate the mechanisms of action of chemotherapy drugs (Cisplatin and 5-Azacytidine) and supplements (omega-3 fatty acids) on OTSCCs (primary, cancer stem cells and cell lines), with a particular focus on cisplatin chemoresistance effects; (iii) characterize the collagen overexpressed in fibrotic disease such as uterine leiomyoma, and (iv) identify specific spectral biomarkers to strengthen the diagnosis of uterine leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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