Ruta graveolens water extract (RGWE) ameliorates ischemic damage and improves neurological deficits in a rat model of transient focal brain ischemia

Introduction and aims: The limited therapeutic options for ischemic stroke treatment render necessary the identification of new strategies. In recent years, it has been shown that natural compounds may represent a valid therapeutic opportunity. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Ruta graveolens water extract (RGWE) in an in vivo experimental model of brain ischemia. Methods: RGWE effects on ischemic damage and neurological function were evaluated in adult rats subjected to transient occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery (tMCAO), receiving two intraperitoneal injections of RGWE, 100 and 300 min after the induction of ischemia. In addition, astroglial and microglial activation was measured as GFAP and IBA-1 expression by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy analysis. Results: Treatment with RGWE containing 10 mg/kg of Rutin, the major component, ameliorates the ischemic damage and improves neurological performances. Interestingly, the pro-inflammatory states of astrocytes and microglia, respectively detected by using C3 and iNOS markers, were significantly reduced in ipsilateral cortical and striatal areas in ischemic RGWE-treated rats. Conclusions: RGWE shows a neuroprotective effect on brain infarct volume extent in a transient focal cerebral ischemia model and this effect was paralleled by the prevention of pro-inflammatory astroglial and microglial activation. Collectively, our findings support the idea that natural compounds may represent potential therapeutic opportunities against ischemic stroke.