The aim of the following research work is to present developments on some aspects of discontinuous approaches not yet been fully investigated. This work focuses on three aspects such as the possibility of comparing continuous approaches with discontinuous one, evaluating the influence of stereotomy to simulate the non-linear dynamic behaviour of masonry structures, giving indications regarding the possibility of carrying out a calibration through the Distinct Element Method (DEM). The masonry in the continuous approach was first represented as a homogeneous medium and isotropic material where the mechanical properties depend on those of its components (mortar and bricks), in this case the analyses were based on the Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP). In the discontinuous approach, the masonry is discretized into blocks (bricks) that include the mortar in their thickness, implicit temporal integration schemes have been used as in the case of the Non-Smooth Contact Dynamic (NSCD) implemented in the LMGC90© code where the sliding movements are governed by the condition of impenetrability of Signorini and by the dry-friction Coulomb law, and explicit integration schemes in the Discrete Element Method implement in the 3DEC© code where sliding between blocks are governed by linear and non-linear law in normal and shear direction. A set of case studies of real structures have been considered using different types of discretization, starting from the simplest to the most articulated one where the chaotic masonry is represented in a manner faithful to reality. The numerical results have highlighted the methods of progressive damage under dynamic actions recorded during the seismic events that occurred in the Italian territory in the last decades. The numerical approaches are able to simulate large displacements and the separation between the elements that constitute the masonry, thus obtaining predictions on the evaluation of the vulnerability of historical buildings. In addition, the results obtained with DEM calibration are a first indication, on which to undertake future studies to obtain more accurate results. The results discussed are valuable for the preservation of cultural heritage by proposing guidelines for the conservation, strengthening and seismic retrofitting of historical masonry structures.
Lo scopo del seguente lavoro di ricerca è quello di presentare sviluppi su alcuni aspetti degli approcci discontinui non ancora approfonditi. Questo lavoro pone l’attenzione su tre aspetti come la possibilità di confrontare approcci continui con approcci discontinui, valutare l’influenza della stereotomia per simulare il comportamento dinamico non lineare delle strutture in muratura, dare indicazioni riguardanti la possibilità di realizzare una calibrazione tramite il Distinct Element Method (DEM). La muratura nell’approccio al continuo è stata prima rappresentata come un materiale omogeneo ed isotropico dove le proprietà meccaniche dipendono da quelle delle sue componenenti (malta e mattoni) in questo caso le analisi sono basata sul Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP). Negli approcci al discontinuo invece, la muratura viene discretizzata in blocchi (mattoni) che comprendono nel loro spessore la malta, sono stati utilizzati schemi di integrazione temporale impliciti come nel caso del metodo Non-Smooth Contact Dynamic (NSCD) implementato nel codice LMGC90© dove i movimenti di scorrimento sono governati dalla condizione di impenetrabilità di Signorini e dalla legge di Coulomb di attrito secco, e schemi di integrazione espliciti nel Discrete Element Method implementato nel codice 3DEC© dove gli scorrimenti tra i blocchi sono governati da leggi lineari e non lineari in direzione normale e di taglio. Sono stati considerati un insieme di casi studio a partire da strutture reali utilizzando diversi tipi di discretizzazione, partendo da quella più semplice arrivando a quella più articolata dove la muratura caotica viene rappresentata in maniera fedele alla realtà. I risultati numerici hanno evidenziato le modalità di danneggiamento progressivo sotto azioni dinamiche registrate durante gli eventi sismici che hanno colpito il territorio italiano negli ultimi decenni. Gli approcci numerici sono in grado di simulare grandi spostamenti e la separazione tra gli elementi che vanno a costituire la muratura, ottenendo così previsioni sulla valutazione della vulnerabilità degli edifici di carattere storico. Inoltre, i risultati ottenuti con la calibrazione DEM sono una prima indicazione, sulla base della quale intraprendere studi futuri per ottenere risultati più accurati. I risultati discussi sono preziosi al fine di preservare il patrimonio culturale proponendo linee guida per la conservazione, il rafforzamento e l’adeguamento sismico delle strutture storiche in muratura.
DISTINCT ELEMENT METHOD FOR ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE: FROM THE PAST TO FUTURE ADVANCES / Schiavoni, Mattia. - (2023 Mar 17).
DISTINCT ELEMENT METHOD FOR ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE: FROM THE PAST TO FUTURE ADVANCES
SCHIAVONI, MATTIA
2023-03-17
Abstract
The aim of the following research work is to present developments on some aspects of discontinuous approaches not yet been fully investigated. This work focuses on three aspects such as the possibility of comparing continuous approaches with discontinuous one, evaluating the influence of stereotomy to simulate the non-linear dynamic behaviour of masonry structures, giving indications regarding the possibility of carrying out a calibration through the Distinct Element Method (DEM). The masonry in the continuous approach was first represented as a homogeneous medium and isotropic material where the mechanical properties depend on those of its components (mortar and bricks), in this case the analyses were based on the Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP). In the discontinuous approach, the masonry is discretized into blocks (bricks) that include the mortar in their thickness, implicit temporal integration schemes have been used as in the case of the Non-Smooth Contact Dynamic (NSCD) implemented in the LMGC90© code where the sliding movements are governed by the condition of impenetrability of Signorini and by the dry-friction Coulomb law, and explicit integration schemes in the Discrete Element Method implement in the 3DEC© code where sliding between blocks are governed by linear and non-linear law in normal and shear direction. A set of case studies of real structures have been considered using different types of discretization, starting from the simplest to the most articulated one where the chaotic masonry is represented in a manner faithful to reality. The numerical results have highlighted the methods of progressive damage under dynamic actions recorded during the seismic events that occurred in the Italian territory in the last decades. The numerical approaches are able to simulate large displacements and the separation between the elements that constitute the masonry, thus obtaining predictions on the evaluation of the vulnerability of historical buildings. In addition, the results obtained with DEM calibration are a first indication, on which to undertake future studies to obtain more accurate results. The results discussed are valuable for the preservation of cultural heritage by proposing guidelines for the conservation, strengthening and seismic retrofitting of historical masonry structures.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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