This research deals with a very central theme today, which provides a plastic representation of the effects of technological progress in the employment relationship, in which an anachronistic legislation may sometimes survive, not in line with the current context: this is the case of art. 4 St. lav. which governs remote controls of workers and which has remained unchanged since the 1970s until yesterday. It was, in fact, fully amended by art. 23 of Legislative Decree 14 September 2015, n. 151, as part of the provisions that make up the so-called Jobs Act, which intervened on three distinct fronts: first, by abolishing the absolute ban on the "use of audiovisual systems and other equipment for remote control of workers' activities"; secondly, by significantly modifying the second part 4, which - in the pre-reform formulation - identified conditions and methods for the installation of systems and appliances from which "the possibility of remote control" of workers' activity could derive; thirdly, by introducing an explicit reference to the legislation on privacy. With this choice, the legislator has revealed its will to subject controls to specific limits aimed at protecting the confidentiality of the employee, thus excluding full liberalization. At the same time, however, the variety of means and interpretations highlights how the issue is complex and significant uncertainties remain, despite the new legislative was also born with the purpose of clarity on these. The real scope of the rule will, in large part, be defined by the interpretative option: a more elastic reading of the textual data, in fact, will have a more inclusive effect than possible control methods; on the other hand, a more rigorous interpretation will result in a lower tolerance of the legal system with respect to "atypical" forms of control.
La presente ricerca affronta un tema oggi assai centrale, che fornisce una rappresentazione plastica degli effetti del progresso tecnologico nel rapporto di lavoro, in cui può (soprav)vivere talvolta una normativa anacronistica, non in linea con il contesto attuale: è il caso dell’art. 4 St. lav. che disciplina i controlli a distanza dei lavoratori e che ha resistito fino a ieri immutata dagli anni ’70. Esso è stato, infatti, integralmente emendato dall’art. 23 del d.lgs. 14 settembre 2015, n. 151, nell’ambito dei provvedimenti che compongono il c.d. Jobs Act, intervenuto su tre distinti fronti: in primo luogo, sopprimendo il divieto assoluto dell’"uso di impianti audiovisivi e di altre apparecchiature per finalità di controllo a distanza dell’attività dei lavoratori”; in secondo luogo, modificando significativamente la seconda parte dell’art. 4, la quale – nella formulazione ante riforma – individuava condizioni e modalità per l’installazione di impianti e apparecchi dai quali potesse derivare “anche la possibilità di controllo” a distanza dell’attività dei lavoratori; in terzo luogo, introducendo un rinvio esplicito alla normativa in materia di privacy. Con tale scelta, il legislatore ha palesato la sua volontà di assoggettare i controlli a limiti specifici finalizzati a tutelare la riservatezza del dipendente, escludendone dunque la piena liberalizzazione. Al tempo stesso, però, la varietà di mezzi e interpretazioni evidenzia quanto la tematica sia complessa e residuino significative incertezze, nonostante la novella legislativa sia nata anche con finalità di chiarezza su tali. La reale portata della norma sarà, in buona parte, definita dall’opzione interpretativa: una lettura più elastica del dato testuale, difatti, avrà un effetto più inclusivo rispetto a possibili modalità di controllo; di contro, una interpretazione più rigorosa determinerà una minor tolleranza dell’ordinamento rispetto a forme “atipiche” di controllo.
Controllo a distanza dei lavoratori e diritto alla riservatezza / Sauro, MARIA ELENA. - (2022 Nov 29).
Controllo a distanza dei lavoratori e diritto alla riservatezza
SAURO, MARIA ELENA
2022-11-29
Abstract
This research deals with a very central theme today, which provides a plastic representation of the effects of technological progress in the employment relationship, in which an anachronistic legislation may sometimes survive, not in line with the current context: this is the case of art. 4 St. lav. which governs remote controls of workers and which has remained unchanged since the 1970s until yesterday. It was, in fact, fully amended by art. 23 of Legislative Decree 14 September 2015, n. 151, as part of the provisions that make up the so-called Jobs Act, which intervened on three distinct fronts: first, by abolishing the absolute ban on the "use of audiovisual systems and other equipment for remote control of workers' activities"; secondly, by significantly modifying the second part 4, which - in the pre-reform formulation - identified conditions and methods for the installation of systems and appliances from which "the possibility of remote control" of workers' activity could derive; thirdly, by introducing an explicit reference to the legislation on privacy. With this choice, the legislator has revealed its will to subject controls to specific limits aimed at protecting the confidentiality of the employee, thus excluding full liberalization. At the same time, however, the variety of means and interpretations highlights how the issue is complex and significant uncertainties remain, despite the new legislative was also born with the purpose of clarity on these. The real scope of the rule will, in large part, be defined by the interpretative option: a more elastic reading of the textual data, in fact, will have a more inclusive effect than possible control methods; on the other hand, a more rigorous interpretation will result in a lower tolerance of the legal system with respect to "atypical" forms of control.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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