Garlic, Breast Cancer, Polyphenol, Anticancer effect. The garlic extract (BARI RASHUN-1) showed the presence of high quantities of phenolic compounds (dihydroxybenzoic acid and ferulic acid), organosulfur compounds (diallyl disulfide, dipropyl disulfide and dipropyl sulfide) and minerals (Ca, Cu, Fe , K, Se and Zn). For the first time in this study the gastric and intestinal bioavailability of garlic polyphenols was evaluated and a significant reduction in the bioavailable fraction was demonstrated. The anticancer effects of garlic extract on human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF7) have been demonstrated by reducing cell viability, increasing production of intracellular ROS and oxidative stress as well as ER stress have been observed. A pro-apoptotic effect has also been demonstrated through a down-regulation of various apoptosis inhibitors and the modulation of various key players (p53, Bax, Bid c-PARP, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and FADD ). Furthermore, the garlic extract modulated the enzymes SOD, catalase, HO-1 glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, reductase and transferase via the Nrf2 / Keap1 / NOQ pathway. The bioenergetic characterization was determined through the evaluation of mitochondrial respiration, glycolysis and lactate production (which are reduced). The anti-metastatic and anti-inflammatory effects were also observed through the migration and colony formation assay and the modulation of gene and protein expression of some factors such as MMP-2, MMP-9, E-cadherin, N- cadherin and β-catenin, NFκB, IL-1β, IL -6 and p-IκB-α. The effect on angiogenesis was observed through the regulation of pro-angiogenic factors FN-γ, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, VEGF, VEGF-D, b-FGF, ENA-78, EGF, PlGF, TGFβ1, MCP -1, IL- 8. Garlic extract could be induced autophagy through the modulation of protein expression of factors such as ATG3, ATG4A, ATG5, ATG7, ATG 12, ATG13, Beclin, BNIP3, GABARAP, LC3A, LC3B, P62, MSK1, NSB1, LMP1, Rheb. Finally, garlic extracts inhibited tumor cell growth in the G1 / G0 phase by suppressing EGFR.
Aglio, Cancro al seno, Polifenoli, Effetto antitumorale. L'estratto di aglio (BARI RASHUN-1) ha mostrato la presenza di elevate quantità di composti fenolici (acido diidrossibenzoico e acido ferulico), di composti organosolforati (diallil disolfuro, dipropil disolfuro e dipropil solfuro) e minerali (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Se e Zn). Per la prima volta in questo studio è stata valutata la biodisponibilità gastrica ed intestinale dei polifenoli dell'aglio ed è stata dimostrata una significativa riduzione nella frazione gastrointestinale. Sono stati dimostrati gli effetti antitumorali dell’estratto di aglio su cellule umane di adenocarcinoma mammario (MCF7): è stata osservata una ridotta vitalità cellulare, un’aumentata produzione di ROS intracellulari e di stress ossidativo oltre che di quello dell’ER. È stato dimostrato inoltre un effetto pro-apoptotico attraverso una down-regolazione di vari inibitori dell’apoptosi e la modulazione di vari protagonisti chiave (p53, Bax, Bid c-PARP, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 e FADD). Inoltre, l'estratto di aglio ha modulato gli enzimi SOD, catalasi, HO-1 glutatione, glutatione perossidasi, reduttasi e transferasi tramite il pathway Nrf2/Keap1/NOQ. La caratterizzazione bioenergetica è stata determinata attraverso la valutazione della respirazione mitocondriale, della glicolisi e della produzione di lattato (che risultano ridotti). Sono stati inoltre osservati gli effetti anti-metastatici ed antinfiammatori attraverso il test di migrazione e formazione di colonie e si è constatata la modulazione dell’espressione genica e proteica di alcuni fattori come MMP-2, MMP-9, E-caderina, N-caderina e β-catenina, NFκB, IL-1β, IL -6 e p-IκB-α. L’effetto sull’angiogenesi è stato osservato attraverso la regolazione dei fattori pro-angiogenici FN-γ, TIMP-1 e TIMP-2, VEGF, VEGF-D, b-FGF, ENA-78, EGF, PlGF, TGFβ1, MCP-1, IL- 8. L'estratto di aglio potrebbe indurre l'autofagia attraverso la modulazione dell'espressione proteica di fattori come ATG3, ATG4A, ATG5, ATG7, ATG 12, ATG13, Beclin, BNIP3, GABARAP, LC3A, LC3B, P62, MSK1, NSB1, LMP1, Rheb. Infine, gli estratti di aglio hanno inibito la crescita cellulare tumorale in fase G1/G0 sopprimendo l’EGFR.
Evaluation of the Anti-proliferative effect of phenolic compounds from Garlic on human breast cancer cells through the modulation of different molecular mechanisms involved in their growth and proliferation / Ansary, Johura. - (2022 Jun 15).
Evaluation of the Anti-proliferative effect of phenolic compounds from Garlic on human breast cancer cells through the modulation of different molecular mechanisms involved in their growth and proliferation
ANSARY, JOHURA
2022-06-15
Abstract
Garlic, Breast Cancer, Polyphenol, Anticancer effect. The garlic extract (BARI RASHUN-1) showed the presence of high quantities of phenolic compounds (dihydroxybenzoic acid and ferulic acid), organosulfur compounds (diallyl disulfide, dipropyl disulfide and dipropyl sulfide) and minerals (Ca, Cu, Fe , K, Se and Zn). For the first time in this study the gastric and intestinal bioavailability of garlic polyphenols was evaluated and a significant reduction in the bioavailable fraction was demonstrated. The anticancer effects of garlic extract on human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF7) have been demonstrated by reducing cell viability, increasing production of intracellular ROS and oxidative stress as well as ER stress have been observed. A pro-apoptotic effect has also been demonstrated through a down-regulation of various apoptosis inhibitors and the modulation of various key players (p53, Bax, Bid c-PARP, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and FADD ). Furthermore, the garlic extract modulated the enzymes SOD, catalase, HO-1 glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, reductase and transferase via the Nrf2 / Keap1 / NOQ pathway. The bioenergetic characterization was determined through the evaluation of mitochondrial respiration, glycolysis and lactate production (which are reduced). The anti-metastatic and anti-inflammatory effects were also observed through the migration and colony formation assay and the modulation of gene and protein expression of some factors such as MMP-2, MMP-9, E-cadherin, N- cadherin and β-catenin, NFκB, IL-1β, IL -6 and p-IκB-α. The effect on angiogenesis was observed through the regulation of pro-angiogenic factors FN-γ, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, VEGF, VEGF-D, b-FGF, ENA-78, EGF, PlGF, TGFβ1, MCP -1, IL- 8. Garlic extract could be induced autophagy through the modulation of protein expression of factors such as ATG3, ATG4A, ATG5, ATG7, ATG 12, ATG13, Beclin, BNIP3, GABARAP, LC3A, LC3B, P62, MSK1, NSB1, LMP1, Rheb. Finally, garlic extracts inhibited tumor cell growth in the G1 / G0 phase by suppressing EGFR.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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