The emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has been a growing global phenomenon since 1990. Every year new substances appear into the drug market as legal alternatives to illicit drugs. In this regard, the identification in biological matrices of emerging synthetic compounds represents a continuous challenge for analytical toxicologists. It is extremely important to develop suitable drugs analysis methodologies which can provide information on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics effects and possible toxic concentration ranges, and on the diffusion of these unknown substances. Hyphenated chromatographic techniques have become powerful tools largely used in clinical and forensic toxicology. This research project aimed to develop and validate new analytical methodologies based on hyphenated chromatographic techniques for the determination of NPS and classical drugs of abuse in biological matrices. Considering the polydrug consumption, a comprehensive high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS-MS) screening method was developed for the determination of 77 NPS (belonging to different chemical classes), 24 classic drugs and 18 related metabolites in blood, urine, and oral fluid. Currently, synthetic cannabinoids are the largest group of NPS monitored by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction and to investigate the oral fluid pharmacokinetics of JWH-122, JWH-210 and UR-144 two new methodologies were developed. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the determination of parent compounds and a complementary ultra-high performance liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) confirmatory method for the quantification also of their metabolites. Finally, to keep in pace with the increasing spread of new synthetic cathinones an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) method is presented for their simultaneous targeted screening and quantification in hair samples of consumers. All methods described here have been successfully validated and applied to authentic samples (blood, urine, oral fluid, hair) providing reliable results and proving to be sensitive methodologies suitable for use in clinical and forensic laboratories.
Sin dal 1990 l'apparizione sul mercato di nuove sostanze psicoattive (NPS) è un fenomeno mondiale sempre crescente. Ogni anno vengono introdotte nuove sostanze nel mercato della droga come alternative legali alle sostanze controllate dalla legge. L’identificazione di queste nuove sostanze in matrici biologiche rappresenta una continua sfida per i laboratori di analisi. È estremamente importante sviluppare metodologie analitiche in grado di identificare sostanze sconosciute consentendone il monitoraggio e fornendo informazioni scientifiche riguardo la farmacocinetica, possibili range di tossicità ed effetti farmacologici. Oggi, le tecniche cromatografiche ifenate (tecniche basate sull’accoppiamento di più strumentazioni) sono dei mezzi molto utilizzati nella tossicologia clinica e forense. Il seguente progetto di ricerca ha lo scopo di sviluppare e validare nuovi metodi analitici basati su tecniche cromatografiche accoppiate alla spettrometria di massa e spettrometria di massa tandem per la determinazione delle NPS e delle classiche droghe d’abuso in matrici biologiche. In particolare, considerando la poliassunzione di droghe, è stato sviluppato un metodo di screening utilizzando la cromatografia liquida ad alta prestazione abbinata alla spettrometria di massa tandem (HPLC-MS-MS) per la determinazione di 77 NPS (appartenenti a diverse classi di sostanze), 24 droghe classiche e 18 metaboliti nel sangue, in urina e saliva. Attualmente, i cannabinoidi sintetici sono il più grande gruppo di NPS monitorato dall’Agenzia Europea per le Droghe (EMCDDA ). Due nuovi metodi analitici sono stati sviluppati per la determinazione dei cannabinoidi sintetici JWH-122, JWH-210 e UR-144 in saliva: un metodo in gascromatografia accoppiata alla spettrometria di massa (GC-MS) e un metodo complementare che utilizza la cromatografia liquida ad alta prestazione abbinata alla spettrometria di massa ad alta risoluzione (UHPLC-HRMS) per la quantificazione sia dei parent drugs che dei loro metaboliti. Infine, in risposta alla crescente diffusione di nuovi catinoni sintetici, viene presentato un metodo mirato per la loro identificazione e quantificazione mediante cromatografia liquida ad alte prestazioni e spettrometria di massa ad alta risoluzione (UHPLC-HRMS). Tutti i metodi qui descritti sono stati validati con successo e applicati a campioni reali (sangue, urina, saliva, capelli) fornendo risultati affidabili e dimostrando di essere metodologie sensibili utilizzabili in laboratori clinici e forensi.
Development and validation of analytical methods with hyphenated chromatographic techniques for the determination of NPS and drugs of abuse in biological matrices / LA MAIDA, Nunzia. - (2022 Jun 15).
Development and validation of analytical methods with hyphenated chromatographic techniques for the determination of NPS and drugs of abuse in biological matrices
LA MAIDA, NUNZIA
2022-06-15
Abstract
The emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has been a growing global phenomenon since 1990. Every year new substances appear into the drug market as legal alternatives to illicit drugs. In this regard, the identification in biological matrices of emerging synthetic compounds represents a continuous challenge for analytical toxicologists. It is extremely important to develop suitable drugs analysis methodologies which can provide information on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics effects and possible toxic concentration ranges, and on the diffusion of these unknown substances. Hyphenated chromatographic techniques have become powerful tools largely used in clinical and forensic toxicology. This research project aimed to develop and validate new analytical methodologies based on hyphenated chromatographic techniques for the determination of NPS and classical drugs of abuse in biological matrices. Considering the polydrug consumption, a comprehensive high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS-MS) screening method was developed for the determination of 77 NPS (belonging to different chemical classes), 24 classic drugs and 18 related metabolites in blood, urine, and oral fluid. Currently, synthetic cannabinoids are the largest group of NPS monitored by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction and to investigate the oral fluid pharmacokinetics of JWH-122, JWH-210 and UR-144 two new methodologies were developed. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the determination of parent compounds and a complementary ultra-high performance liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) confirmatory method for the quantification also of their metabolites. Finally, to keep in pace with the increasing spread of new synthetic cathinones an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) method is presented for their simultaneous targeted screening and quantification in hair samples of consumers. All methods described here have been successfully validated and applied to authentic samples (blood, urine, oral fluid, hair) providing reliable results and proving to be sensitive methodologies suitable for use in clinical and forensic laboratories.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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