Evolutionary studies, based on the analysis of wild forms, are fundamental for the development of breeding programs because they give information about the available genetic diversity that can be utilized to recover the variability lost during domestication. One of the most important grain legumes for human consumption is common bean (P. vulgaris). The peculiar evolutionary history of this species makes it a model for the study of crop evolution. Three different wild eco-geographical gene pools can be recognized: the Mesoamerican, the Andean, and the North Peru -Ecuador gene pool. To date, numerous studies investigated the origin of common bean and different hypotheses have been proposed. In this thesis, we aimed at solving the open discussion about the origin of common bean through the investigation of its phylogeny at plastid and nuclear level. We reconstructed the phylogeny of common bean with plastid SNPs and de-novo assembled plastomes, wherewith we also estimated the divergence time among gene pools. The results suggested two migration events: from Mesoamerica to North Peru -Ecuador occurred ~150.000 ya and one from Mesoamerica to South Andes arisen ~90.000 ya. Finally, nuclear data of a set of 10 accessions were used to study the evolutionary history at nuclear level. To respect the assumption of absence of recombination, SNPs from the centromeric regions were selected and used for the analyses. Albeit the analyses of plastid SNPs and whole plastomes clearly reflect a monophyletic and Mesoamerican origin of common bean and do not identify the North Peru-Ecuador gene pool as a different species, we found that this population has discordant behaviors when analyzing whole genome nuclear markers and SNPs located in non-recombinant regions. In addition to shed light on the origin of common bean, this work represents an interesting example of the effect of recombination in phylogenetic analyses, confirming the key role of chloroplast genomes in this kind of studies.
Gli studi evolutivi, basati sull'analisi delle forme selvatiche, sono fondamentali per lo sviluppo dei programmi di breeding perché forniscono informazioni sulla diversità genetica disponibile che può essere utilizzata per ripristinare la variabilità persa durante la domesticazione. Il fagiolo comune (P. vulgaris) è uno dei legumi più importanti per il consumo umano e la sua singolare storia evolutiva ne fa un modello per lo studio dell’evoluzione delle colture. Si possono individuare tre popolazioni selvatiche e geograficamente distinte in Mesoamerica, nelle Ande e in nord Perù-Ecuador. Ad oggi, diverse ipotesi sull’origine del fagiolo comune sono state proposte. L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è risolvere il dibattito sull'origine del fagiolo comune attraverso l'analisi della sua filogenesi a livello plastidiale e nucleare. Abbiamo ricostruito la filogenesi del fagiolo comune con SNP plastidiali e cloroplasti assemblati de-novo, con cui abbiamo anche stimato il tempo di divergenza tra i pool genici. I risultati hanno suggerito due eventi migratori, dal Mesoamerica al nord del Perù-Ecuador (~150.000 anni fa) e dal Mesoamerica alle Ande (~90.000 anni fa). Infine, marcatori nucleari sono stati utilizzati per studiare la storia evolutiva a livello nucleare. Per rispettare il requisito di assenza di ricombinazione, gli SNP delle regioni centromeriche sono stati selezionati e utilizzati per le analisi. Sebbene i dati plastidiali riflettano chiaramente un'origine monofiletica e mesoamericana del fagiolo comune e non identifichino il pool genetico del Nord Perù-Ecuador come specie diversa, questa popolazione ha comportamenti discordanti quando si analizzano i marcatori nucleari dell'intero genoma e gli SNP localizzati in regioni non ricombinanti. Oltre a far luce sull'origine del fagiolo comune, questo lavoro rappresenta un interessante esempio dell'effetto della ricombinazione nelle analisi filogenetiche, confermando il ruolo chiave dei cloroplasti in questo tipo di studi.
Investigation of the evolutionary history of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) / Frascarelli, Giulia. - (2022 Jul 04).
Investigation of the evolutionary history of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
FRASCARELLI, GIULIA
2022-07-04
Abstract
Evolutionary studies, based on the analysis of wild forms, are fundamental for the development of breeding programs because they give information about the available genetic diversity that can be utilized to recover the variability lost during domestication. One of the most important grain legumes for human consumption is common bean (P. vulgaris). The peculiar evolutionary history of this species makes it a model for the study of crop evolution. Three different wild eco-geographical gene pools can be recognized: the Mesoamerican, the Andean, and the North Peru -Ecuador gene pool. To date, numerous studies investigated the origin of common bean and different hypotheses have been proposed. In this thesis, we aimed at solving the open discussion about the origin of common bean through the investigation of its phylogeny at plastid and nuclear level. We reconstructed the phylogeny of common bean with plastid SNPs and de-novo assembled plastomes, wherewith we also estimated the divergence time among gene pools. The results suggested two migration events: from Mesoamerica to North Peru -Ecuador occurred ~150.000 ya and one from Mesoamerica to South Andes arisen ~90.000 ya. Finally, nuclear data of a set of 10 accessions were used to study the evolutionary history at nuclear level. To respect the assumption of absence of recombination, SNPs from the centromeric regions were selected and used for the analyses. Albeit the analyses of plastid SNPs and whole plastomes clearly reflect a monophyletic and Mesoamerican origin of common bean and do not identify the North Peru-Ecuador gene pool as a different species, we found that this population has discordant behaviors when analyzing whole genome nuclear markers and SNPs located in non-recombinant regions. In addition to shed light on the origin of common bean, this work represents an interesting example of the effect of recombination in phylogenetic analyses, confirming the key role of chloroplast genomes in this kind of studies.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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