Parkinson's disease (PD) is generally considered a motor disorder, but it can also involve non-motor and sensory symptoms. For this reason, this doctoral project was focused on the role that physical activity, taste perception and body composition could have in patients with PD. The aim of the first part of this thesis was to investigate the effect that physical exercise can have on α-syntot, as a marker of disease progression, and on other biological markers of inflammation such as both salivary and plasma TNF-α and IL10, and salivary cortisol, in patients with idiopathic PD. The recruited patients were divided into two groups, the control group (CG) and the experimental group undergoing treadmill training (RehabG). The improvement of the motor performance outcome measures at the end of the four weeks of training demonstrated the efficacy of the aerobic protocol in that the treated patients obtained better scores in physical endurance tests, balance and risk of falling compared to the sedentary ones. At the end of the weeks of aerobic training, more significant impact was noted on the levels of biological markers tested, and especially for the salivary cytokines, TNF-α and IL10, which resulted in decreased concentrations in the RehabG group compared to the CG group. However, the correlation with α-syntot levels was less significant. As this is a pilot study, further research will be needed which will allow to clarify which physical activity protocols can modulate the progression of the disease, and also to clarify the role of biological markers in monitoring biological damage in PD. The aim of the second part of the study was to better investigate some aspects of the correlation between PD and taste perception to clarify and somehow determine a modification of nutrient intake such as to cause a state of malnutrition, and whether there is a change in body composition. The study was conducted by enrolling 56 patients with idiopathic PD, compared with 88 healthy controls. For the evaluation of taste perception were used cotton swabs impregnated with a solution containing a tasting substance in 4 different concentrations for each of the 4 basic flavors (salty, sweet, sour, bitter), with the addition of pure rapeseed oil and deionized water. Body composition was also analysed. The population belonging to the PD group showed difficulty in discriminating taste in about 50% of cases. This result appeared to be largely age- and sex-related and did not differ significantly from the age- and sex-matched control group scores. Taste perception was also not dependent on the duration or severity of the disease. The body composition of the PD group differed significantly from the controls: PD patients weigh less than age-matched control subjects and show significantly lower free fat mass (FFM) and total body water (TBW). The eating habits entrusted to the caregiver are no different from the controls and patients follow a Mediterranean diet. Ageusia did not emerge clearly as a candidate to be a state-trait marker, but monitoring body composition and weight may be simple and effective to follow the disease progression and risk of functional deterioration in the advanced stage.
La malattia di Parkinson (Parkinson’s Disease PD) è generalmente considerato un disturbo motorio, ma possono esserci caratteristiche non motorie e sensoriali associate. Per questo motivo, l’attenzione di questo progetto di dottorato è stata focalizzata sul ruolo che potrebbe avere l’attività fisica, la sensibilità gustativa e la composizione corporea nei pazienti affetti da PD. Lo scopo della prima parte della tesi è stato quello di indagare l’effetto che l’esercizio fisico può avere sull’α-syntot, in quanto marcatore di progressione della malattia, e su altri marcatori biologici di infiammazione quali il TNF-α e IL10 sia salivari che plasmatici, e il cortisolo salivare, in pazienti affetti da PD idiopatica. I pazienti reclutati sono stati suddivisi in due gruppi, gruppo controllo (CG) e gruppo sperimentale sottoposto a treadmill training (RehabG). Il miglioramento delle misure di outcome di performance motoria al termine delle quattro settimane di allenamento ha dimostrato l’efficacia del protocollo aerobico in quanto i pazienti trattati rispetto a quelli sedentari hanno ottenuto punteggi migliori ai tests di resistenza fisica, di valutazione dell’equilibrio e del rischio di caduta. Al termine delle settimane di allenamento aerobico è stato notato un impatto più significativo sui livelli di marcatori biologici testati, e soprattutto per le citochine salivari, TNF-α e IL10, sono risultate in concentrazioni diminuite nel gruppo RehabG rispetto al gruppo CG. Invece, è risultata meno significativa la correlazione con i livelli dell’α-syntot. Trattandosi di uno studio pilota, saranno necessarie ulteriori ricerche che permetteranno di chiarire quali protocolli di attività fisica potranno modulare la progressione della malattia, e inoltre chiarire anche il ruolo dei marcatori biologici nel monitoraggio del danno biologico nella PD. Lo scopo della seconda parte dello studio è stato quello di indagare meglio alcuni aspetti della correlazione esistente tra PD e la sensibilità gustativa e determinare in qualche modo una modificazione dell’assunzione dei nutrienti tale da provocare uno stato di malnutrizione, e se ci sia una modificazione della composizione corporea. Lo studio è stato condotto arruolando 56 pazienti affetti da PD idiopatico, confrontati con 88 controlli sani. Per la valutazione della sensibilità gustativa sono stati impiegati tamponi di cotone impregnati con una soluzione contenente una sostanza gustativa in 4 diverse concentrazioni per ciascuno dei 4 gusti base (salato, dolce, acido, amaro), con l’aggiunta di olio di colza puro e acqua deionizzata. È stata analizzata anche la composizione corporea. La popolazione appartenente al gruppo PD ha mostrato difficoltà nel discriminare il gusto in circa il 50% dei casi. Questo risultato sembrava in gran parte dipendente dall'età e dal sesso e non è significativamente diverso dai punteggi ottenuti dal gruppo controllo di pari età e sesso. La sensibilità gustativa non dipendeva inoltre dalla durata o dalla gravità della malattia. La composizione corporea del gruppo PD si discostava significativamente dai controlli: i pazienti del gruppo PD pesano meno dei soggetti del gruppo controllo di pari età e mostrano una massa magra (FFM) e acqua corporea totale (TBW) significativamente inferiore. Le abitudini alimentari affidate al caregiver non sono diverse dai controlli e la dieta seguita è quella Mediterranea. Non è emerso chiaramente che l’ageusia sia un biomarcatore candidato della malattia, ma il monitoraggio della composizione corporea e del peso possono essere delle misure semplici ed efficaci per seguire la progressione della malattia e il rischio di deterioramento funzionale nella fase avanzata.
Attività fisica, composizione corporea e sensibilità gustativa nei pazienti affetti da malattia di Parkinson / Alia, Sonila. - (2022 Jun 30).
Attività fisica, composizione corporea e sensibilità gustativa nei pazienti affetti da malattia di Parkinson
ALIA, SONILA
2022-06-30
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is generally considered a motor disorder, but it can also involve non-motor and sensory symptoms. For this reason, this doctoral project was focused on the role that physical activity, taste perception and body composition could have in patients with PD. The aim of the first part of this thesis was to investigate the effect that physical exercise can have on α-syntot, as a marker of disease progression, and on other biological markers of inflammation such as both salivary and plasma TNF-α and IL10, and salivary cortisol, in patients with idiopathic PD. The recruited patients were divided into two groups, the control group (CG) and the experimental group undergoing treadmill training (RehabG). The improvement of the motor performance outcome measures at the end of the four weeks of training demonstrated the efficacy of the aerobic protocol in that the treated patients obtained better scores in physical endurance tests, balance and risk of falling compared to the sedentary ones. At the end of the weeks of aerobic training, more significant impact was noted on the levels of biological markers tested, and especially for the salivary cytokines, TNF-α and IL10, which resulted in decreased concentrations in the RehabG group compared to the CG group. However, the correlation with α-syntot levels was less significant. As this is a pilot study, further research will be needed which will allow to clarify which physical activity protocols can modulate the progression of the disease, and also to clarify the role of biological markers in monitoring biological damage in PD. The aim of the second part of the study was to better investigate some aspects of the correlation between PD and taste perception to clarify and somehow determine a modification of nutrient intake such as to cause a state of malnutrition, and whether there is a change in body composition. The study was conducted by enrolling 56 patients with idiopathic PD, compared with 88 healthy controls. For the evaluation of taste perception were used cotton swabs impregnated with a solution containing a tasting substance in 4 different concentrations for each of the 4 basic flavors (salty, sweet, sour, bitter), with the addition of pure rapeseed oil and deionized water. Body composition was also analysed. The population belonging to the PD group showed difficulty in discriminating taste in about 50% of cases. This result appeared to be largely age- and sex-related and did not differ significantly from the age- and sex-matched control group scores. Taste perception was also not dependent on the duration or severity of the disease. The body composition of the PD group differed significantly from the controls: PD patients weigh less than age-matched control subjects and show significantly lower free fat mass (FFM) and total body water (TBW). The eating habits entrusted to the caregiver are no different from the controls and patients follow a Mediterranean diet. Ageusia did not emerge clearly as a candidate to be a state-trait marker, but monitoring body composition and weight may be simple and effective to follow the disease progression and risk of functional deterioration in the advanced stage.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.