Olive leaves are a waste material from the olive oil industry, one of the staple foods of the Mediterranean diet. In recent years, scientific research has focused on the possibility of reusing this material because of its wealth of bioactive compounds that can be potentially applied in the biomedical field. the aim of this study was to characterise and evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-adipogenic effect of an aqueous olive leaf extract (OLE). The extract, produced in our laboratory from dried leaves harvested from herbicide- and pesticide-free cultivations, was characterised for its phenolic compound content (569.5±22.142 µg/mL in terms of Total Phenol content) and then tested on in vitro cellular models of acute and chronic inflammation and adipogenic differentiation. In particular, the acute effect was analysed in primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and in a human monocytic line (THP1) treated with LPS. The results obtained show a reduction in both the cytokine storm and the expression of adhesion molecules, whose function in the inflammatory process is to promote further recruitment of inflammatory cells into the circulation. The same HUVECs, but in replicative senescence, have been studied as a model of chronic inflammation, 'inflammaging' which in turn is associated with the onset of age- related diseases. Again, the extract inhibits the production of cytokines that characterise the SASP (Senescence associated secretory phenotype). Finally, given that accumulation of bone marrow fat is a common feature of several age-related diseases, and that adoptive tissue contributes to the body's systemic inflammatory state, we assessed whether OLE could inhibit the differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) in an adipogenic direction. Again, we obtained promising results. In a second phase, we also analysed the effects of several active compounds contained in OLE and purified in the laboratory directed by Prof Antonio Procopio of the Magna Graecia University, one of the world's leading experts on olive tree active compounds. Two of these, oleacein and oleuropein-aglycone, have effects similar to those of the total extract, although the latter is always more effective than the single active compound. The research will continue by testing the effects of these same active ingredients microencapsulated in particles of biocompatible and mucoadhesive materials (chitosan or hyaluronic acid) that can be administered by areosol to subjects with Covid in order to reduce the cytokine storm as described in the FISR2020 project funded by the MUR, responsible Prof. ssa Rippo, and in which I am a participant. This study represents a first step towards the possibility of considering the use of OLE and its compounds as possible adjuvants in therapies for various acute and chronic diseases. The positive results obtained in models of inflammation, senescence and bone marrow fat accumulation are encouraging and stimulating for further research, confirming and expanding the possible practical implications of using natural products to support the treatment of different pathological conditions.
Le foglie d’olivo sono un materiale di scarto dell’industria dell’olio di oliva, uno degli alimenti alla base della dieta mediterranea. Negli ultimi anni la ricerca scientifica si è soffermata sulla possibilità di un riutilizzo di questo materiale data la sua ricchezza di composti bioattivi potenzialmente applicabili in ambito biomedico. Lo scopo di questo studio è stato quello di caratterizzare e valutare l’effetto anti-infiammatorio e anti- adipogenico di un estratto acquoso di foglie di olivo (OLE). L’estratto, prodotto nel nostro laboratorio a partire da foglie essiccate raccolte da coltivazioni senza uso di diserbanti e pesticidi, è stato caratterizzato per il contenuto di composti fenolici (569,5±22,142 µg/mL in termini di Total Phenol content) per poi essere testato in vitro su modelli cellulari di infiammazione acuta e cronica e differenziamento adipogenico. In particolare l’effetto in acuto è stato analizzato in colture primarie di cellule umane endoteliali (Human umbilical vein endothelial cell, HUVEC) e in una linea monocitica umana (THP1) trattate con LPS. I risultati ottenuti mostrano una riduzione sia della tempesta citochinica che dell’espressione delle molecole di adesione, la cui funzione nel processo infiammatorio è quella di favorire l’ulteriore reclutamento di cellule infiammatorie nel circolo. Le stesse HUVEC, ma in senescenza replicativa, sono state studiate come modello di infiammatoria cronica, l “inflammaging” che a sua volta è associata all’insorgenza delle malattie età- associate. Anche in questo caso l’estratto inibisce la produzione di quelle citochine che caratterizzano il fenotipo SASP (Senescence associated secretory phenotype). Infine, dato che l’accumulo del grasso midollare è una caratteristica comune in diverse patologie legate all’invecchiamento, e che il tessuto adoposo contribuisce allo stato infiammatorio sistemico dell’organismo, abbiamo valutato se l’estratto di foglie di olivo fosse in grado di inibire il differenziamento delle cellule stromali midollari umane (MSC) in senso adipogenico. Anche in questo caso abbiamo ottenuto risultati promettenti. In una seconda fase abbiamo analizzato sugli stessi modelli anche gli effetti di diversi principi attivi contenuti in OLE e purificati nel laboratorio diretto dal Prof Antonio Procopio dell’Università Magna Graecia, uno dei principali esperti al mondo sui principi attivi dell’olivo. Due di questi, l’oleaceina e l’oleuropeina-aglicone hanno effetti simili a quelli dell’estratto totale anche se quest ultimo è sempre più efficace del singolo principio attivo. La ricerca proseguirà col testare gli effetti di questi stessi principi attivi microincapsulati in particelle di materiali biocompatibili e mucoadesive (chitosano o acido ialuronico) da somminsitrare per areosol a soggetti con Covid al fine di ridurre la tempesta citochinica secondo quanto descritto nel progetto FISR2020 finanziato dal MUR, responsabile Prof.ssa Rippo, e di cui sono partecipante. Questo studio rappresenta infatti un primo passo relativo alla possibilità di poter considerare l’impiego di OLE e dei suoi composti come possibili coadiuvanti nelle terapie per diverse patologie sia acute che croniche. I risultati positivi ottenuti in modelli di infiammazione, senescenza e accumulo di grasso midollare, sono incoraggianti e stimolanti per proseguire la ricerca, confermare ed espandere le possibili implicazioni pratiche dell’uso di prodotti naturali per supportare il trattamento di diverse condizioni patologiche.
Anti-inflammatory and anti-adipogenic activity of olive leaf extract and its bioactive compounds / Silvestrini, Andrea. - (2022 Jun 15).
Anti-inflammatory and anti-adipogenic activity of olive leaf extract and its bioactive compounds
SILVESTRINI, ANDREA
2022-06-15
Abstract
Olive leaves are a waste material from the olive oil industry, one of the staple foods of the Mediterranean diet. In recent years, scientific research has focused on the possibility of reusing this material because of its wealth of bioactive compounds that can be potentially applied in the biomedical field. the aim of this study was to characterise and evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-adipogenic effect of an aqueous olive leaf extract (OLE). The extract, produced in our laboratory from dried leaves harvested from herbicide- and pesticide-free cultivations, was characterised for its phenolic compound content (569.5±22.142 µg/mL in terms of Total Phenol content) and then tested on in vitro cellular models of acute and chronic inflammation and adipogenic differentiation. In particular, the acute effect was analysed in primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and in a human monocytic line (THP1) treated with LPS. The results obtained show a reduction in both the cytokine storm and the expression of adhesion molecules, whose function in the inflammatory process is to promote further recruitment of inflammatory cells into the circulation. The same HUVECs, but in replicative senescence, have been studied as a model of chronic inflammation, 'inflammaging' which in turn is associated with the onset of age- related diseases. Again, the extract inhibits the production of cytokines that characterise the SASP (Senescence associated secretory phenotype). Finally, given that accumulation of bone marrow fat is a common feature of several age-related diseases, and that adoptive tissue contributes to the body's systemic inflammatory state, we assessed whether OLE could inhibit the differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) in an adipogenic direction. Again, we obtained promising results. In a second phase, we also analysed the effects of several active compounds contained in OLE and purified in the laboratory directed by Prof Antonio Procopio of the Magna Graecia University, one of the world's leading experts on olive tree active compounds. Two of these, oleacein and oleuropein-aglycone, have effects similar to those of the total extract, although the latter is always more effective than the single active compound. The research will continue by testing the effects of these same active ingredients microencapsulated in particles of biocompatible and mucoadhesive materials (chitosan or hyaluronic acid) that can be administered by areosol to subjects with Covid in order to reduce the cytokine storm as described in the FISR2020 project funded by the MUR, responsible Prof. ssa Rippo, and in which I am a participant. This study represents a first step towards the possibility of considering the use of OLE and its compounds as possible adjuvants in therapies for various acute and chronic diseases. The positive results obtained in models of inflammation, senescence and bone marrow fat accumulation are encouraging and stimulating for further research, confirming and expanding the possible practical implications of using natural products to support the treatment of different pathological conditions.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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