Periodic biodiversity assessments are of fundamental importance for describing possible changes in marine communities caused by natural or anthropogenic impacts. The application of different organisms as bioindicators of impacts and pollution has increased in the last decades thanks to the implementation of the European legislation (e.g., Water Framework Directive, Marine Strategy). In this context, the aim of this PhD project was to assess the hydroid (Cnidaria:Hydrozoa) and sponge (Porifera) communities of Montecristo and Giglio, two islands belonging to the Tuscan Archipelago National Park aimed to become a future Marine Protected Area. These data improve the knowledge on the zoobenthic communities of the studied area and have been also made available to stakeholders and policy makers, to inform them on the hydroid and sponge species present in the studied area, possibly helping in the implementation of new protection strategies. A systematic review was also conducted on the application of benthic organisms (sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, polychaetes, cirripeds, tunicates), suggested as non-conventional bioindicators of trace elements in coastal shallow waters. In fact, this project also deepens the application of Porifera as biomonitoring tools for mercury (Hg) pollution, with a multi-level analysis (from the community to the individual). Thanks to a preliminary study on different species, a few were suggested as better bioindicators of Hg, among them the species Chondrosia reniformis, which was considered for further analysis. In addition, the role of sponges’ associated microbiota in the bioaccumulation processes was explored to identify these organisms also as useful tools in the bioremediation. The microbial community of the C. reniformis was characterized, and considerable amount of metal were detected in the microbiota itself, suggesting its possible implication not only in the secondary metabolism of the sponge but also in the bioaccumulation of Hg.
L’applicazione di organismi bioindicatori, per descrivere possibili cambiamenti dovuti a impatti antropici o naturali, è aumentata negli ultimi decenni grazie all’implementazione della legislazione Europea (es., Water Framework Directive, Marine Strategy). In quest’ottica il monitoraggio periodico delle comunità marine assume un ruolo cruciale. Obiettivo di questo progetto è stato la caratterizzazione delle comunità a idroidi (Cnidaria:Hydrozoa) e spugne (Porifera) delle isole di Montecristo e Giglio, appartenenti al Parco Nazionale dell’Arcipelago Toscano destinato a futura istituzione come Area Marina Protetta. Oltre ad aumentare le conoscenze sulle comunità marine delle due isole, i risultati ottenuti sono stati resi disponibili agli stakeholders per informarli sulle specie dei gruppi considerati presenti nell’area, sperando che possa essere d’aiuto nell’implementazione di nuove strategie di protezione. Inoltre, è stata condotta una revisione sistematica sull’applicazione di organismi bentonici (spugne, cnidari, briozoi, policheti, cirripedi, tunicati), proposti come bioindicatori non-convenzionali di elementi in tracce per le aree marine costiere. Infatti, ulteriore obiettivo del progetto è stato quello di esplorare il ruolo dei poriferi come bioindicatori di inquinamento da mercurio (Hg), tramite un’analisi multilivello (dalla comunità al gene). Grazie a uno studio preliminare su diverse specie, alcune sono state suggerite come migliori bioindicatori, tra cui Chondrosia reniformis, considerata per analisi successive. Infine, è stato esplorato il ruolo del microbiota associato alle spugne nei processi di bioaccumulo, per poter proporre questi organismi nella bioremediation. Oltre ad una caratterizzazione della comunità microbica di C. reniformis, quantità considerevoli di Hg sono state ritrovate all’interno del microbiota stesso, suggerendo suo un coinvolgimento non solo nel metabolismo secondario delle spugne, ma anche nei processi di bioaccumulo di Hg.
Biodiversity and Trace Elements: Community Assessments and Application of Benthic Organisms as Biomonitors of Environmental Pollution / Roveta, Camilla. - (2022 Jun 08).
Biodiversity and Trace Elements: Community Assessments and Application of Benthic Organisms as Biomonitors of Environmental Pollution
ROVETA, CAMILLA
2022-06-08
Abstract
Periodic biodiversity assessments are of fundamental importance for describing possible changes in marine communities caused by natural or anthropogenic impacts. The application of different organisms as bioindicators of impacts and pollution has increased in the last decades thanks to the implementation of the European legislation (e.g., Water Framework Directive, Marine Strategy). In this context, the aim of this PhD project was to assess the hydroid (Cnidaria:Hydrozoa) and sponge (Porifera) communities of Montecristo and Giglio, two islands belonging to the Tuscan Archipelago National Park aimed to become a future Marine Protected Area. These data improve the knowledge on the zoobenthic communities of the studied area and have been also made available to stakeholders and policy makers, to inform them on the hydroid and sponge species present in the studied area, possibly helping in the implementation of new protection strategies. A systematic review was also conducted on the application of benthic organisms (sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, polychaetes, cirripeds, tunicates), suggested as non-conventional bioindicators of trace elements in coastal shallow waters. In fact, this project also deepens the application of Porifera as biomonitoring tools for mercury (Hg) pollution, with a multi-level analysis (from the community to the individual). Thanks to a preliminary study on different species, a few were suggested as better bioindicators of Hg, among them the species Chondrosia reniformis, which was considered for further analysis. In addition, the role of sponges’ associated microbiota in the bioaccumulation processes was explored to identify these organisms also as useful tools in the bioremediation. The microbial community of the C. reniformis was characterized, and considerable amount of metal were detected in the microbiota itself, suggesting its possible implication not only in the secondary metabolism of the sponge but also in the bioaccumulation of Hg.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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