Visceral obesity is a critical determinant of severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Methods: In this study, we performed a comprehensive histomorphologic analysis of autoptic visceral adipose tissues (VAT), lungs and livers of 19 COVID-19 and 23 non-COVID-19 subjects. Results: Although there were no between-groups differences in body-mass-index and adipocytes size, higher prevalence of CD68+ macrophages in COVID-19 subjects’ VAT was detected (p=0.005) and accompanied by crown-like structures presence, signs of adipocytes stress and death. Consistently, human adipocytes were successfully infected by SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and displayed lower cell viability. Being VAT inflammation associated with lipids spill-over from dead adipocytes, we studied lipids distribution employing Oil-Red-O staining (ORO). Lipids were observed within lungs and livers interstitial spaces, macrophages, endothelial cells, and vessels’ lumen, features suggestive of fat embolism syndrome, more prevalent among COVID-19 individuals (p<0.001). Notably, signs of fat embolism were more prevalent among obese (p=0.03) independently of COVID-19 diagnosis, suggesting that such condition may be an obesity complication, exacerbated by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Importantly, all infected subjects’ lungs presented lipids-rich (ORO+) hyaline membranes, formations associated with COVID-19-related pneumonia, present only in one control with non-COVID-19 pneumonia. Conclusions: This study describes for the first time novel COVID-19-related features possibly underlying the unfavorable prognosis in obese SARS-CoV-2-infected-subjects.
L'obesità viscerale è un fattore prognostico negativo del Coronavirus Diesease 19 (COVID-19), patologia indotta dall’infezione da SARS-CoV-2. In questo studio è stata condotta un’analisi istomorfologica ed ultrastrutturale di tessuti adiposi viscerali, polmoni e fegati appartenenti a soggetti deceduti a causa del COVID-19 (n:19, positivi al tampone nasofaringeo) e a individui deceduti per altre ragioni (n:23, negativi al tampone nasofaringeo). Dall’analisi dei depositi adiposi è emersa una maggiore infiammazione (infiltrazione di macrofagi CD68+) nei soggetti COVID-19 (p<0.05). Nei medesimi depositi sono state rilevate evidenze di stress, morte cellulare e presenza di materiale lipidico in: i. spazio extracellulare, ii. cellule endoteliali e iii. lume vasale, risultato indicativo di embolia grassosa. Stress e morte cellulare, con rilascio di materiale lipidico, sono stati inoltre documentati in vitro a seguito dell’infezione della linea adipocitaria umana hMADS. Lo staining specifico per i lipidi, Oil Red-O (ORO), è stato dunque impiegato per studiare la presenza di emboli grassosi in polmoni e fegati. Tale analisi ha rilevato una maggiore prevalenza di emboli grassosi nei polmoni di soggetti COVID-19 (100%) rispetto ai controlli (53%, p<0.05). Gli emboli grassosi sono risultati più prevalenti nei soggetti con obesità rispetto ai non obesi (p<0.05), indipendentemente dalla diagnosi di COVID-19. Lo studio mediante ORO ha inoltre rivelato la presenza di membrane ialine di natura lipidica nel 100% dei soggetti COVID-19 rispetto al 4% dei controlli (p<0.01). Tale osservazione è di notevole impatto dal momento che l’origine delle membrane ialine non è nota e che le stesse sono causa di insufficienza respiratoria. In conclusione, lo studio descrive per la prima volta una possibile nuova complicanza dell’obesità (embolia grassosa) e rivela nuove caratteristiche istologiche del COVID-19, probabilmente alla base della prognosi sfavorevole in soggetti con obesità.
Visceral Fat Inflammation and Fat Embolism are associated with Lung’s Lipidic Hyaline Membranes in COVID-19 patients / Colleluori, Georgia. - (2022 Mar 24).
Visceral Fat Inflammation and Fat Embolism are associated with Lung’s Lipidic Hyaline Membranes in COVID-19 patients
COLLELUORI, GEORGIA
2022-03-24
Abstract
Visceral obesity is a critical determinant of severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Methods: In this study, we performed a comprehensive histomorphologic analysis of autoptic visceral adipose tissues (VAT), lungs and livers of 19 COVID-19 and 23 non-COVID-19 subjects. Results: Although there were no between-groups differences in body-mass-index and adipocytes size, higher prevalence of CD68+ macrophages in COVID-19 subjects’ VAT was detected (p=0.005) and accompanied by crown-like structures presence, signs of adipocytes stress and death. Consistently, human adipocytes were successfully infected by SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and displayed lower cell viability. Being VAT inflammation associated with lipids spill-over from dead adipocytes, we studied lipids distribution employing Oil-Red-O staining (ORO). Lipids were observed within lungs and livers interstitial spaces, macrophages, endothelial cells, and vessels’ lumen, features suggestive of fat embolism syndrome, more prevalent among COVID-19 individuals (p<0.001). Notably, signs of fat embolism were more prevalent among obese (p=0.03) independently of COVID-19 diagnosis, suggesting that such condition may be an obesity complication, exacerbated by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Importantly, all infected subjects’ lungs presented lipids-rich (ORO+) hyaline membranes, formations associated with COVID-19-related pneumonia, present only in one control with non-COVID-19 pneumonia. Conclusions: This study describes for the first time novel COVID-19-related features possibly underlying the unfavorable prognosis in obese SARS-CoV-2-infected-subjects.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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