This thesis studies the various compositional modifications of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and the physico-chemical properties of normal, oxidized (ox-LDL), glycated (gly-LDL) LDL, atherogenic modifications that occur in vivo. It then focuses on the effect of the sphingomyelinase enzyme on LDL (SM-LDL). The attention to this model is based on the fact that the activity of the enzyme is increased in patients suffering from metabolic pathologies. The research involved studying the effects of normal LDL and experimental models (ox-LDL and SM-LDL) on human umbelical cord endothelial cells (HUVEC) to investigate the effects on endothelial cells. Cell viability, oxidative stress and apoptosis were evaluated. The possible protective effect of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) against the effects of LDL on endothelial cells was also investigated. The interest in this study is based on literature about the modulatory roles of ANP and the relationship between ANP and plasma lipoprotein metabolism. The results allow us to hypothesize that SMase is capable of inducing alterations in both normal LDL and modified LDL and that the LDL aggregated by the enzyme possess an atherogenic potential capable of reducing the vitality of endothelial cells and activating apoptotic and inflammatory pathways. This has clinical relevance given by the presence of the described elements in atherosclerotic lesions, making LDL modified by SMase an evaluable risk factor in the diagnosis and progression of cardiovascular diseases. The preliminary study of the ANP effects has produced results in the alteration of the paraoxonase 2 expression (PON2) in HUVEC, suggesting the possibility that the peptide may actually counteract some of the cytotoxic actions of LDL on cells.
La tesi studia le varie modificazioni composizionali delle lipoproteine a bassa densità (LDL) e le proprietà chimico-fisiche delle LDL normali, ossidate (ox-LDL), glicate (gly-LDL), modifiche aterogeniche che occorrono in vivo. Si concentra poi sull’effetto dell’enzima sfingomielinasi sulle LDL (SM-LDL). L’attenzione a questo modello si basa sul fatto che l’attività dell’enzima è aumentata in pazienti affetti da patologie dismetaboliche. La ricerca ha previsto lo studio degli effetti delle LDL normali e dei modelli sperimentali (ox-LDL e SM-LDL) su cellule endoteliali del cordone ombelicale umano (HUVEC) per indagare gli effetti su cellule endoteliali, e sono stati valutati indici di vitalità cellulare e parametri per monitorare lo stress ossidativo e apoptosi. Si è inoltre studiato il possibile effetto protettivo del peptide natriuretico atriale (ANP) nei confronti degli effetti delle LDL sulle cellule endoteliali. L’interesse per questo studio si basa sulle conoscenze dei ruoli modulatori dell’ANP e in particolare sulla relazione tra ANP e metabolismo dei lipidi e lipoproteine plasmatiche. I risultati permettono di ipotizzare che la SMasi sia capace di indurre alterazioni sia su LDL normali che su LDL già modificate da altri agenti e che le LDL aggregate dall’enzima possiedano un potenziale aterogenico capace di ridurre la vitalità delle cellule endoteliali, attivandone meccanismi apoptotici e infiammatori. Ciò ha rilevanza clinica data la presenza degli elementi descritti nelle lesioni aterosclerotiche, rendendo le LDL modificate dalla SMasi un fattore di rischio valutabile nella diagnosi e nella progressione delle patologie cardiovascolari. Lo studio preliminare degli effetti del peptide natriuretico ANP ha prodotto risultati nell’alterazione dell’espressione di paraoxonasi 2 (PON2) nelle HUVEC, suggerendo la possibilità che il peptide possa effettivamente contrastare alcune delle azioni citotossiche delle LDL sulle cellule.
Modifiche aterogeniche delle lipoproteine a bassa densità (LDL) e cellule endoteliali: studio del ruolo dell’enzima sfingomielinasi / Mazzuferi, Gabriele. - (2022 Mar 24).
Modifiche aterogeniche delle lipoproteine a bassa densità (LDL) e cellule endoteliali: studio del ruolo dell’enzima sfingomielinasi
MAZZUFERI, GABRIELE
2022-03-24
Abstract
This thesis studies the various compositional modifications of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and the physico-chemical properties of normal, oxidized (ox-LDL), glycated (gly-LDL) LDL, atherogenic modifications that occur in vivo. It then focuses on the effect of the sphingomyelinase enzyme on LDL (SM-LDL). The attention to this model is based on the fact that the activity of the enzyme is increased in patients suffering from metabolic pathologies. The research involved studying the effects of normal LDL and experimental models (ox-LDL and SM-LDL) on human umbelical cord endothelial cells (HUVEC) to investigate the effects on endothelial cells. Cell viability, oxidative stress and apoptosis were evaluated. The possible protective effect of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) against the effects of LDL on endothelial cells was also investigated. The interest in this study is based on literature about the modulatory roles of ANP and the relationship between ANP and plasma lipoprotein metabolism. The results allow us to hypothesize that SMase is capable of inducing alterations in both normal LDL and modified LDL and that the LDL aggregated by the enzyme possess an atherogenic potential capable of reducing the vitality of endothelial cells and activating apoptotic and inflammatory pathways. This has clinical relevance given by the presence of the described elements in atherosclerotic lesions, making LDL modified by SMase an evaluable risk factor in the diagnosis and progression of cardiovascular diseases. The preliminary study of the ANP effects has produced results in the alteration of the paraoxonase 2 expression (PON2) in HUVEC, suggesting the possibility that the peptide may actually counteract some of the cytotoxic actions of LDL on cells.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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