Pursuing the search for a new class of structurally simple mimics of antimicrobial peptides, we have optimized a short, cheap and high-yielding synthesis of mono-charged amphiphilic α-hydrazido acid derivatives, having a membranolytic action. They exhibited a broad-spectrum in vitro activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including two multidrug-resistant strains. In addition, they showed synergistic effects with tetracycline toward sensitive bacteria, whereas either synergistic effects or indifference were observed for combinations with different first-line antibiotics toward multidrug-resistant strains. Despite the minimal cationic charge, the best compounds demonstrated to be selective toward bacterial cell membranes over mammalian cell membranes. The importance of a non-disrupted amphiphilicity was also demonstrated. With the aim to administer lower doses of colistin reducing the toxic side effects, the Department of Chemical Biology at HZI (Braunschweig, Germany) developed a novel peptide-colistin construct. It consists of a mixture of five regioisomers where each of its free amino groups of colistin was coupled to the C-terminal of a synthetic peptide. The cleavage of the newly introduced amide group by human elastase neutrophils, releases colistin directly on the surface of bacteria in order to kill them. Thus, exploiting solid phase methodology, we regioselectively prepared the isomers of the colistin construct in order to investigate if all the regioisomers undergo selective cleavage by elastase with the same efficacy and fidelity. Then, we carried out the antimicrobial assays against a strain of E. coli K12, and the results were compared with the activity of regioisomeric mixture.
Perseguendo la ricerca di una nuova classe di peptidi antimicrobici strutturalmente semplici, abbiamo ottimizzato una sintesi breve, economica e ad alto rendimento di derivati dell'acido α-idrazido anfifilico monocarico, con azione membranolitica. Tali composti, hanno esibito un'attività in vitro ad ampio spettro contro una varietà di batteri Gram-positivi e Gram-negativi, tra cui due ceppi multi-farmaco resistenti. Inoltre, hanno mostrato effetti sinergici con la tetraciclina nei confronti dei batteri sensibili, mentre sono stati osservati effetti sinergici o indifferenza per combinazioni con diversi antibiotici di prima linea verso ceppi multiresistenti. Nonostante la minima carica cationica, i migliori composti hanno dimostrato di essere selettivi verso le membrane cellulari batteriche rispetto alle membrane cellulari dei mammiferi. È stata anche dimostrata l'importanza di un'anfifilicità senza interruzioni. Con l'obiettivo di somministrare dosi più basse di colistina riducendo gli effetti collaterali tossici, il Dipartimento di biologia chimica dell'HZI (Braunschweig, Germania) ha sviluppato un nuovo costrutto peptide-colistina. Consiste in una miscela di cinque regioisomeri in cui ciascuno dei gruppi amminici liberi della colistina è legato al terminale C con un peptide sintetico. La scissione del gruppo ammide introdotto da parte dei neutrofili dell'elastasi umana, rilascia la colistina direttamente sulla superficie dei batteri per ucciderli. Pertanto, sfruttando la metodologia della fase solida, abbiamo preparato in modo regioselettivo gli isomeri del costrutto della colistina al fine di indagare se tutti i regioisomeri subiscono la scissione selettiva da parte dell’ elastasi con la stessa efficacia e fedeltà. Quindi, abbiamo eseguito i test antimicrobici contro un ceppo di E. coli K12 e i risultati sono stati confrontati con l'attività della miscela regioisomerica.
Potential amphiphilic antibacterial compounds / Guerra, Giulia. - (2020 Mar 24).
Potential amphiphilic antibacterial compounds
GUERRA, GIULIA
2020-03-24
Abstract
Pursuing the search for a new class of structurally simple mimics of antimicrobial peptides, we have optimized a short, cheap and high-yielding synthesis of mono-charged amphiphilic α-hydrazido acid derivatives, having a membranolytic action. They exhibited a broad-spectrum in vitro activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including two multidrug-resistant strains. In addition, they showed synergistic effects with tetracycline toward sensitive bacteria, whereas either synergistic effects or indifference were observed for combinations with different first-line antibiotics toward multidrug-resistant strains. Despite the minimal cationic charge, the best compounds demonstrated to be selective toward bacterial cell membranes over mammalian cell membranes. The importance of a non-disrupted amphiphilicity was also demonstrated. With the aim to administer lower doses of colistin reducing the toxic side effects, the Department of Chemical Biology at HZI (Braunschweig, Germany) developed a novel peptide-colistin construct. It consists of a mixture of five regioisomers where each of its free amino groups of colistin was coupled to the C-terminal of a synthetic peptide. The cleavage of the newly introduced amide group by human elastase neutrophils, releases colistin directly on the surface of bacteria in order to kill them. Thus, exploiting solid phase methodology, we regioselectively prepared the isomers of the colistin construct in order to investigate if all the regioisomers undergo selective cleavage by elastase with the same efficacy and fidelity. Then, we carried out the antimicrobial assays against a strain of E. coli K12, and the results were compared with the activity of regioisomeric mixture.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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