Today, a crucial field of research concerns the study of how ecosystems and species will respond to future environmental conditions, since global-change factors interact synergistically or antagonistically and can aggravate or mitigate the effects of this phenomenon. In this thesis, an analysis is undertaken concerning the alteration of three abiotic factors associated with the current climatic crisis (temperature increase; greater UV radiation-exposure and increase in nutrient concentration) and the impact on phytoplanktonic organisms, located at the base of aquatic trophic webs, from a physiological and ecological perspective. Furthermore, this thesis focuses on photosynthetic microorganisms that have phagotrophic ability within the same cell (i.e. mixotrophic protists). It becomes critical to determine how mixotrophic cells might respond to global-change factors, regulating their metabolism towards autotrophy or heterotrophy, as well as to examine the implications for the energy and nutrient fluxes. This thesis is designed to help fill these information gaps carrying out experiments and observational studies over different time scales (from hours to years); at different levels of biological organization (from the cell to ecosystems); and with organisms from different environments (natural marine samples, freshwater and laboratory cultures). The results reflect the need to consider the interaction of multiple abiotic factors that elicit different responses from the phytoplankton community. The results show that phagotrophy is an advantage for mixotrophic cells because it accelerates their growth rate. However, field and laboratory experiments support that the most extreme future environmental conditions will negatively affect mixotrophs and will benefit strict autotrophs. All this improves our predictive capacity concerning the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems in their adaptation to global change.
Attualmente, un'area di notevole interesse di studio è sapere come gli ecosistemi risponderanno alle future condizioni ambientali. In questa tesi abbiamo analizzato come l’incremento di tre fattori ambientali (temperatura; nutrienti e radiazioni UV) possa influenzare sia dal punto di vista ecologico che fisiologico, il fitoplancton che costituisce la base delle reti trofiche degli ecosistemi acquatici. Inoltre, questa tesi si concentra in particolare sui microrganismi fotosintetici con capacità fagotrofica (i.e. protisti mixotrofici). Negli ultimi decenni è stato dimostrato che questa capacità metabolica è molto diffusa tra i gruppi fitoplanctonici. Per questo è importante comprendere quali sono i fattori che possono spostare il metabolismo delle cellule mixotrofiche verso l'autotrofia o l'eterotrofia e le implicazioni che questo cambiamento può avere sui flussi di energia e sui nutrienti. Questa tesi è progettata per cercare di colmare questo gap informativo, effettuando esperimenti e studi osservazionali su diverse scale temporali (da ore ad anni), a livello di organizzazione biologica (da cellula a ecosistemi) e vengono analizzati organismi di diversi ambienti (campioni marini naturali, acqua dolce e colture da laboratorio). Questa tesi rappresenta un progresso nella conoscenza degli effetti del cambiamento climatico globale sugli ecosistemi acquatici, affrontando il problema sia da un punto di vista 'ecologico che fisiologico. I risultati mostrano che la fagotrofia è un vantaggio per le cellule mixotrofiche perché accelera il loro tasso di crescita. Tuttavia, esperimenti sul campo e in laboratorio supportano il fatto che le condizioni ambientali future più estreme influenzeranno negativamente i mixotrofi e andranno a beneficio di autotrofi rigorosi. Tutto ciò ci consente di migliorare la nostra capacità predittiva sulla struttura e sul funzionamento degli ecosistemi acquatici nel loro adattamento al cambiamento globale.
Phytoplankton facing global change: ecological and physiological perspectives / GONZALEZ OLALLA, JUAN MANUEL. - (2019 Nov 26).
Phytoplankton facing global change: ecological and physiological perspectives
GONZALEZ OLALLA, JUAN MANUEL
2019-11-26
Abstract
Today, a crucial field of research concerns the study of how ecosystems and species will respond to future environmental conditions, since global-change factors interact synergistically or antagonistically and can aggravate or mitigate the effects of this phenomenon. In this thesis, an analysis is undertaken concerning the alteration of three abiotic factors associated with the current climatic crisis (temperature increase; greater UV radiation-exposure and increase in nutrient concentration) and the impact on phytoplanktonic organisms, located at the base of aquatic trophic webs, from a physiological and ecological perspective. Furthermore, this thesis focuses on photosynthetic microorganisms that have phagotrophic ability within the same cell (i.e. mixotrophic protists). It becomes critical to determine how mixotrophic cells might respond to global-change factors, regulating their metabolism towards autotrophy or heterotrophy, as well as to examine the implications for the energy and nutrient fluxes. This thesis is designed to help fill these information gaps carrying out experiments and observational studies over different time scales (from hours to years); at different levels of biological organization (from the cell to ecosystems); and with organisms from different environments (natural marine samples, freshwater and laboratory cultures). The results reflect the need to consider the interaction of multiple abiotic factors that elicit different responses from the phytoplankton community. The results show that phagotrophy is an advantage for mixotrophic cells because it accelerates their growth rate. However, field and laboratory experiments support that the most extreme future environmental conditions will negatively affect mixotrophs and will benefit strict autotrophs. All this improves our predictive capacity concerning the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems in their adaptation to global change.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.