Postural Abnormalities in Parkinson's Disease: An Epidemiological and Clinical Multicenter Study

Introduction The overall frequency of postural abnormalities (PA) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is unknown. We evaluated the overall prevalence of PA and assessed the association with demographic and clinical variables. Methods For this multicenter cross‐sectional study consecutive PD outpatients attending 7 tertiary Italian centers were enrolled. Patients were evaluated and compared for the presence of isolated PA such as camptocormia (CC), Pisa syndrome (PS), and anterocollis (AC) and for combined forms (i.e., CC+PS) together with demographic and clinical variables. Results Of the total 811 PD patients enrolled, 174 (21.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 18.6%‐24.3%) presented PA, 144 of which had isolated PA and 30 had combined PA. The prevalence of CC was 11.2% (95% CI 9%‐13.3%), PS 8% (CI 6.2%‐9.9%), and AC 6.5% (CI 4.9%‐8.3%). Patients with PA were more often male, older, with longer disease duration, more advanced disease stage, more severe PD symptoms, bradykinetic/rigid phenotype, and poorer quality of life. They were initially treated with L‐dopa, and more likely to be treated with a combination of L‐dopa and dopamine‐agonist, took a higher daily L‐dopa equivalent daily dose, and had more comorbidities. Falls and back pain were more frequent in PD patients with PA than in those without PA. Multiple logistic regression models confirmed an association between PA and male gender, older age, Hoehn & Yahr stage, and total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating scale score. Conclusions PA are frequent and disabling complications in PD, especially in the advanced disease stages.