The disease currently known as esca is a multiple fungal syndrome. It is considered to be a complex disease that has heavy impact on viticulture around the World. This study focuses on the spatial distribution of grapevine esca, and the ecological significance and role of the fungal endophyte communities in symptomatic and asymptomatic grapevines. For the first aspect, three commercial vineyards in the Marche region (central Italy) have been examined as part of a study of the spread of esca. This is designed to determine the dissemination patterns that provide indications of both directionality and evolution of infection over time. The data collected and analysed demonstrated that in 2017 and 2018: (i) none of the vineyards showed any gradient of infection among the rows; (ii) there was a west-east gradient of infection in vineyard OS1, and in vineyard OS2 there was greater concentration of disease in the centre than at the edges; and (iii) there was significant correlation between esca incidence and rootstock for vineyard OS1. The second aspect to this study was to establish how the population structure of fungal endophytes changed according to presence of esca-related pathogens. Thirty-four fungal species were isolated and identified by morphological and molecular tools. In particular, Phaeoacremonium sp., Fomitiporia mediterranea, and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora were mainly isolated from symptomatic plants. Moreover, several non-pathogenic and endophytic fungal species were isolated from asymptomatic and symptomatic grapevines, for which they might represent biocontrol agents. Further studies using innovative technologies will be carried out to improve our knowledge of the role of the mycoflora in suppressing esca symptoms (e.g., next-generation sequencing). These will not only consider the endophytic fungal communities, but also the whole microbiome.
Il mal dell’esca è una malattia complessa, determinata da diversi agenti fungini, che ha attualmente un importante impatto economico sulla viticoltura mondiale. I principali obiettivi della ricerca sono stati i) l’analisi spaziale delle viti con sintomi di mal dell’esca e ii) lo studio delle comunità fungine in viti sintomatiche e asintomatiche. Per quanto riguarda il primo obiettivo, è stato condotto uno studio sulla diffusione del mal dell’esca in tre vigneti commerciali nelle Marche, in modo da poter comprendere meglio come l’infezione evolve nel tempo e nello spazio. Dall’elaborazione dei dati è stato possibile verificare che i) nel 2017 e 2018, in nessuno dei vigneti è presente un gradiente di malattia tra le file, ii) è presente un gradiente di malattia in direzione Est-Ovest nel vigneto OS1 mentre nel vigneto OS2 è presente una concentrazione di piante sintomatiche nella parte centrale rispetto ai bordi, iii) è stata registrata una significativa correlazione tra incidenza della malattia e portinnesto nel vigneto OS1. Il secondo obiettivo ha riguardato le popolazioni di funghi endofiti in presenza o assenza di sintomi di mal dell’esca. Trentaquattro specie fungine sono state identificate su base morfologica e utilizzando tecniche molecolari e il sequenziamento della regione ITS. In particolare, Phaeoacremonium sp., Fomitiporia mediterranea e Phaeomoniella chlamydospora sono stati isolati da piante sintomatiche. Inoltre, diversi funghi endofiti non patogeni, di cui è noto il loro ruolo come agenti di biocontrollo, sono stati isolati da piante sintomatiche ed asintomatiche. Ulteriori studi saranno necessari per migliorare le conoscenze circa il ruolo della micoflora nell’espressione dei sintomi di mal dell’esca, usando tecnologie innovative (Next Generation Sequencing) e considerando non solo le comunità fungine, ma l’intero microbioma.
Spatial Distribution of Grapevine Esca Disease in Vineyards of the Marche Region and Study of Fungal Endophytic Communities / Concas, Jonathan. - (2019 Mar 29).
Spatial Distribution of Grapevine Esca Disease in Vineyards of the Marche Region and Study of Fungal Endophytic Communities
CONCAS, JONATHAN
2019-03-29
Abstract
The disease currently known as esca is a multiple fungal syndrome. It is considered to be a complex disease that has heavy impact on viticulture around the World. This study focuses on the spatial distribution of grapevine esca, and the ecological significance and role of the fungal endophyte communities in symptomatic and asymptomatic grapevines. For the first aspect, three commercial vineyards in the Marche region (central Italy) have been examined as part of a study of the spread of esca. This is designed to determine the dissemination patterns that provide indications of both directionality and evolution of infection over time. The data collected and analysed demonstrated that in 2017 and 2018: (i) none of the vineyards showed any gradient of infection among the rows; (ii) there was a west-east gradient of infection in vineyard OS1, and in vineyard OS2 there was greater concentration of disease in the centre than at the edges; and (iii) there was significant correlation between esca incidence and rootstock for vineyard OS1. The second aspect to this study was to establish how the population structure of fungal endophytes changed according to presence of esca-related pathogens. Thirty-four fungal species were isolated and identified by morphological and molecular tools. In particular, Phaeoacremonium sp., Fomitiporia mediterranea, and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora were mainly isolated from symptomatic plants. Moreover, several non-pathogenic and endophytic fungal species were isolated from asymptomatic and symptomatic grapevines, for which they might represent biocontrol agents. Further studies using innovative technologies will be carried out to improve our knowledge of the role of the mycoflora in suppressing esca symptoms (e.g., next-generation sequencing). These will not only consider the endophytic fungal communities, but also the whole microbiome.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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