MiR-126 was found frequently downregulated in many types of cancer, including malignant mesothelioma (MM), which represents one of the most challenging neoplastic diseases. Previous studies show that miR-126 restoration is associated with the loss of malignancy. The levels of miRNAs can be restored by various ways. One of the most studied methods is the administration of miRNAs through exosomes, endocytic vesicles naturally produced by cells. Since miR-126 is highly expressed in endothelial cells, endothelial-derived exosomes and endothelial-derived exosomes miR-126-enriched have been used to deliver and restore miR-126 in MM cells. The thesis is focused on evaluation of the effect of miR-126 using exosomes as carrier on the stroma microenvironment. A stroma model was performed culturing fibroblasts and endothelial cells with MM cells (miR-126 responsive or miR-126 non-responsive cells), and the tumour-suppressive functions of miR-126 delivered by exosomes on cell signaling modulation, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis were evaluated after treatments. In the miR-126 responsive MM environment, the miR-126 introduced by treatments increased level of miR-126 in MM cells and endothelial cells while a reduction of miR-126 was observed in fibroblasts. Moreover, alteration of miR-126 levels after treatments produces VEGF and EGFL7 downregulation with consequent inhibition of angiogenesis, and inhibition of IRS1/AKT/MAPK pathway with consequent arrest of cell growth. In conclusion miR-126 delivered by endothelial-derived exosomes promotes anti-tumour responses in MM cells, suggesting that exo-miR treatment represent a promising cancer therapy strategy.
Il miR-126 risulta sotto espresso in diversi tipi di tumori, tra cui il mesotelioma maligno (MM), una delle neoplasie più difficili da trattare. Studi precedenti hanno dimostrato come la restaurazione del miR-126 porti alla perdita di malignità. I livelli di miR-126 possono essere restaurati con diversi sistemi. Tra i metodi di trasporto più studiati ci sono gli esosomi, vescicole endocitotiche naturalmente prodotte dalle cellule. Poiché il miR-126 è altamente espresso nelle cellule endoteliali, gli esosomi endoteliali e gli esosomi endoteliali arricchiti di miR-126 sono stati utilizzati per veicolare e restaurare i livelli di questo miRNA nelle cellule di MM. La tesi si focalizza sulla valutazione degli effetti del miR-126 veicolato dagli esosomi nello stroma tumorale. Il modello di stroma è stato realizzato coltivando i fibroblasti e le cellule endoteliali con le cellule di MM (miR-126 responsive o miR-126 non-responsive) ed è stato valutato l’effetto del miR-126 esosomiale sulle vie di segnalazione, sulla proliferazione cellulare e sull’ angiogenesi. Nel microambiente di MM miR-126 responsivo, i livelli di miR-126 aumentano nelle cellule di MM e nelle cellule endoteliali mentre diminuiscono nei fibroblasti. Inoltre, le variazioni dei livelli di miR-126 nelle diverse componenti cellulari in seguito ai trattamenti provocano da un lato la sotto espressione di VEGF e EGFL7 con conseguente inibizione dell’angiogenesi, mentre dall’altro l’inibizione della via IRS1/AKT/MAPK con conseguente arresto del ciclo cellulare. In conclusione, il miR-126 veicolato dagli esosomi endoteliali ha un effetto oncosoppressore nelle cellule di MM, suggerendo un possibile utilizzo degli esosomi veicolanti miRNA (eso-miR) nella terapia contro il cancro.
Exosome-Delivered MiR-126 as potential therapy for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: a cancer stroma model to evaluate the anticancer effect of exosomal MiR-126 / Monaco, Federica. - (2019 Mar 15).
Exosome-Delivered MiR-126 as potential therapy for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: a cancer stroma model to evaluate the anticancer effect of exosomal MiR-126
MONACO, FEDERICA
2019-03-15
Abstract
MiR-126 was found frequently downregulated in many types of cancer, including malignant mesothelioma (MM), which represents one of the most challenging neoplastic diseases. Previous studies show that miR-126 restoration is associated with the loss of malignancy. The levels of miRNAs can be restored by various ways. One of the most studied methods is the administration of miRNAs through exosomes, endocytic vesicles naturally produced by cells. Since miR-126 is highly expressed in endothelial cells, endothelial-derived exosomes and endothelial-derived exosomes miR-126-enriched have been used to deliver and restore miR-126 in MM cells. The thesis is focused on evaluation of the effect of miR-126 using exosomes as carrier on the stroma microenvironment. A stroma model was performed culturing fibroblasts and endothelial cells with MM cells (miR-126 responsive or miR-126 non-responsive cells), and the tumour-suppressive functions of miR-126 delivered by exosomes on cell signaling modulation, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis were evaluated after treatments. In the miR-126 responsive MM environment, the miR-126 introduced by treatments increased level of miR-126 in MM cells and endothelial cells while a reduction of miR-126 was observed in fibroblasts. Moreover, alteration of miR-126 levels after treatments produces VEGF and EGFL7 downregulation with consequent inhibition of angiogenesis, and inhibition of IRS1/AKT/MAPK pathway with consequent arrest of cell growth. In conclusion miR-126 delivered by endothelial-derived exosomes promotes anti-tumour responses in MM cells, suggesting that exo-miR treatment represent a promising cancer therapy strategy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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