Endothelial dysfunction occurs physiologically during aging process, however it could be accelerated by tobacco smoke that promote oxidative stress and cell damages. In contrast, Ubiquinol (QH) has a potent antioxidant capacity, while vitamin K could act as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Both play a fundamental role in vascular health in physiological conditions. In the present study, Cigarette Smoke Extract (CSE) toxicity and pro-senescent effects were evaluated in endothelial cells (HUVECs). Subsequently, the QH, K vitamers and Warfarin protective effects were investigated. CSE-treatment decreased cellular viability and increased the imbalance between ROS and O2-• production and antioxidant defenses resulting in an augmented oxidative stress that promotes mitochondrial dysfunction (mPTP opening) and inflammation (casp-1 activation). These changes, together with SA-β-gal and p16 expression, were observed in both young CSE-exposed and in senescent HUVECs; suggesting an accelerated aging process caused by CSE. QH, MK7 and Warfarin supplementation counteracted oxidative stress and inflammation, improving viability and preventing SA-β-gal increase. Conversely CSE-induced mPTP opening and p16 expression were unaffected. MK4 and K1 slightly improved viability and ROS production. Particularly, MK4 amplified the increase of O2-• and mPTP opening CSE-induced. Moreover, MK4 and K1 showed lower bioavailability, although they were dissolved in a micellar suspension, the best carrier tested. The in vivo test confirmed the relevant role of solvent showing the best MK7 bioavailability when supplemented as oil emulsion with arabic gum. In conclusion, QH and MK7 pretreatment efficiently counteracted CSE-induced senescent phenotype in young endothelial cells. However, a protective effect was also observed by Warfarin, probably due to compensatory mechanisms involved with alternative pathways of the vitamin K cycle that deserve further investigations.
La disfunzione endoteliale è un processo fisiologico che avviene nell’invecchiamento, ma può essere accelerato dal fumo di tabacco promuovendo stress ossidativo e danni cellulari. Al contrario, l’ubichinolo (QH) è un potente antiossidante, mentre la vitamina K può agire come antiossidante e antinfiammatorio. Entrambi hanno un importante ruolo nella salute vascolare in condizioni fisiologiche. In questo studio, è stato valutato l’effetto tossico e pro-senescente dell’estratto del fumo di sigaretta (CSE) in cellule endoteliali (HUVECs) e l’effetto protettivo di QH, vitameri K and Warfarin. Il trattamento con CSE ha diminuito la vitalità cellulare ed alterato l’equilibrio tra la produzione di ROS e O2 • e le difese antiossidanti promuovendo la disfunzione mitocondriale (apertura mPTP) e l’infiammazione (attivazione casp-1). Questi eventi, insieme ad un aumento di SA-β-gal e dell’espressione del p16, sono stati osservati nelle HUVECs sia giovani trattate con CSE che senescenti, suggerendo una capacità pro-senescente del CSE. La supplementazione con QH, MK7 e Warfarin ha contrastato lo stress ossidativo e l’infiammazione, migliorando la vitalità e prevenendo l’aumento della SA-β-gal, mentre l’apertura mPTP e l’espressione del p16 sono invariati. MK4 ha amplificato l’effetto del CSE su O2-• e mPTP e, come K1, ha migliorato la vitalità contrastando lievemente la produzione di ROS. Tuttavia essi dimostrano una minore biodisponibilità, sebbene disciolte in una sospensione micellare, il miglior carrier testato. Lo studio in vivo ha confermato il ruolo fondamentale del solvente, mostrando la migliore biodisponibilità di MK7 quando disciolto come emulsione in olio con gomma arabica. In conclusione, la supplementazione con QH e MK7 ha contrastato la comparsa del fenotipo senescente indotto dal CSE in cellule endoteliali giovani. Tuttavia, anche Warfarin ha mostrato un effetto protettivo, probabilmente inducendo dei meccanismi compensatori che necessitano di ulteriori indagini.
Protective Role of Bioactive Quinones in Stress-Induced Senescence Phenotype of Endothelial Cells using Tobacco Smoke / Cirilli, Ilenia. - (2019 Mar 27).
Protective Role of Bioactive Quinones in Stress-Induced Senescence Phenotype of Endothelial Cells using Tobacco Smoke
CIRILLI, ILENIA
2019-03-27
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction occurs physiologically during aging process, however it could be accelerated by tobacco smoke that promote oxidative stress and cell damages. In contrast, Ubiquinol (QH) has a potent antioxidant capacity, while vitamin K could act as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Both play a fundamental role in vascular health in physiological conditions. In the present study, Cigarette Smoke Extract (CSE) toxicity and pro-senescent effects were evaluated in endothelial cells (HUVECs). Subsequently, the QH, K vitamers and Warfarin protective effects were investigated. CSE-treatment decreased cellular viability and increased the imbalance between ROS and O2-• production and antioxidant defenses resulting in an augmented oxidative stress that promotes mitochondrial dysfunction (mPTP opening) and inflammation (casp-1 activation). These changes, together with SA-β-gal and p16 expression, were observed in both young CSE-exposed and in senescent HUVECs; suggesting an accelerated aging process caused by CSE. QH, MK7 and Warfarin supplementation counteracted oxidative stress and inflammation, improving viability and preventing SA-β-gal increase. Conversely CSE-induced mPTP opening and p16 expression were unaffected. MK4 and K1 slightly improved viability and ROS production. Particularly, MK4 amplified the increase of O2-• and mPTP opening CSE-induced. Moreover, MK4 and K1 showed lower bioavailability, although they were dissolved in a micellar suspension, the best carrier tested. The in vivo test confirmed the relevant role of solvent showing the best MK7 bioavailability when supplemented as oil emulsion with arabic gum. In conclusion, QH and MK7 pretreatment efficiently counteracted CSE-induced senescent phenotype in young endothelial cells. However, a protective effect was also observed by Warfarin, probably due to compensatory mechanisms involved with alternative pathways of the vitamin K cycle that deserve further investigations.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi_Cirilli.pdf
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