This thesis is the result of the work carried out in the three years of course, dealing with the issue of the application of numerical simulations related to extreme events, both atmospheric and oceanic, that appear over the Mediterranean basin and that are strongly influenced by the air-sea interaction. In the first phase of this work the physical characterization of the studied events is proposed. The phenomena studied are i) a case of Cold Air Outbreak (CAO) formed in the winter of 2012 on the central Mediterranean area, and in particular in the north of Italy; ii) a Dense Waters Formation (DWF) produced by this CAO event; and iii) one event of "Tropical-Like Cyclone" (TLC) (called “ROLF”) that developed on the Balearic Islands between the 6th and the 9th of November 2011. Moreover, preliminary results about a Flash Flood formed over the Venice Lagoon are showed in the end of this manuscript. We will discuss the physical characteristics that govern these phenomena, in particular the interaction between sea and atmosphere. After describing and studying the above mentioned phenomena, we propose some considerations regarding the numerical applications that are needed in order to obtain better results. The modeling techniques used for this thesis are mainly three. The first approach used is a classical "Uncoupled", which consists in the use of atmospheric models uncoupled to ocean models and wave models that exploit SST satellite data. The second approach used refers to the use of "Coupled" ocean-atmosphere models, and the third presents the ocean-wave atmosphere coupling. The purpose of these modeling techniques is to try to describe accurately the momentum and heat fluxes that appear at the air-sea interface, and that characterize, very often, some atmospheric and oceanic phenomena. Results show that the use of coupled models provide improved results, having this approach a direct impact mostly on some heat and momentum fluxes and the SST evolution, fundamental in some applications. Moreover, other indirect implications brought along by the use of coupled models, that are often important at the basin scale and regarding also the case of deep marine ventilation, are presented and discussed (Benetazzo et al., 2013, Carniel et al., 2016, Ricchi et al., 2016, Ricchi et al., 2017, Bonaldo et al., 2017).
Questa tesi studia l’applicazione di simulazioni numeriche relative ad eventi estremi, sia atmosferici che oceanici, che si verificano nel bacino del Mediterraneo e che sono fortemente influenzati dall'interazione aerea-mare. Nella prima fase di questo lavoro viene proposta la caratterizzazione fisica degli eventi studiati. I fenomeni studiati sono: i) un evento di Cold Air Outbreak (CAO) avvenuto nell'inverno del 2012 nell'area del Mediterraneo centrale, e in particolare nel nord dell'Italia; ii) un evento di Dense Waters Formation (DWF) prodotta da questo evento CAO; e iii) un evento di "Tropical-Like Cyclone" (TLC) (chiamato "ROLF") che si è sviluppato sulle isole Baleari tra il 6 e il 9 novembre 2011. Inoltre vengono proposti i risultati preliminari di uno studio su un Flood Flash formato sulla Laguna di Venezia. Discuteremo le caratteristiche fisiche che governano questi fenomeni, in particolare l'interazione oceano-atmosfera. Dopo aver descritto questi fenomeni, proponiamo alcune considerazioni sulle applicazioni numeriche necessarie per una corretta simulazione di questi fenomeni, basandoci principalmente su tre approcci numerici. Il primo approccio numerico utilizzato è del tipo "Uncoupled", che consiste nell'uso di modelli atmosferici non accoppiati con modelli oceanici ricavano i dati di SST da datasets satellitari. Il secondo approccio utilizzato si riferisce all'uso di modelli accoppiati di atmosfera-oceano, mentre il terzo presenta l'accoppiamento completo tra atmosfera-oceano ed onde. Lo scopo di queste tecniche di modellizzazione è cercare di descrivere con maggiore precisione i flussi di momento e di calore che si esplicano all’interfaccia aria-mare e che caratterizzano e guidano l’evoluzione di alcuni fenomeni estremi, atmosferici ed oceanici. I risultati mostrano che l'uso di modelli accoppiati fornisce risultati migliori se comparato ad applicazioni non accoppiate, suggerendo spunti significativi per lavori futuri anche nel campo climatologico.
Analysis of extreme events over Mediterranean sea with coupled numerical models / Ricchi, Antonio. - (2018 Feb 23).
Analysis of extreme events over Mediterranean sea with coupled numerical models
RICCHI, ANTONIO
2018-02-23
Abstract
This thesis is the result of the work carried out in the three years of course, dealing with the issue of the application of numerical simulations related to extreme events, both atmospheric and oceanic, that appear over the Mediterranean basin and that are strongly influenced by the air-sea interaction. In the first phase of this work the physical characterization of the studied events is proposed. The phenomena studied are i) a case of Cold Air Outbreak (CAO) formed in the winter of 2012 on the central Mediterranean area, and in particular in the north of Italy; ii) a Dense Waters Formation (DWF) produced by this CAO event; and iii) one event of "Tropical-Like Cyclone" (TLC) (called “ROLF”) that developed on the Balearic Islands between the 6th and the 9th of November 2011. Moreover, preliminary results about a Flash Flood formed over the Venice Lagoon are showed in the end of this manuscript. We will discuss the physical characteristics that govern these phenomena, in particular the interaction between sea and atmosphere. After describing and studying the above mentioned phenomena, we propose some considerations regarding the numerical applications that are needed in order to obtain better results. The modeling techniques used for this thesis are mainly three. The first approach used is a classical "Uncoupled", which consists in the use of atmospheric models uncoupled to ocean models and wave models that exploit SST satellite data. The second approach used refers to the use of "Coupled" ocean-atmosphere models, and the third presents the ocean-wave atmosphere coupling. The purpose of these modeling techniques is to try to describe accurately the momentum and heat fluxes that appear at the air-sea interface, and that characterize, very often, some atmospheric and oceanic phenomena. Results show that the use of coupled models provide improved results, having this approach a direct impact mostly on some heat and momentum fluxes and the SST evolution, fundamental in some applications. Moreover, other indirect implications brought along by the use of coupled models, that are often important at the basin scale and regarding also the case of deep marine ventilation, are presented and discussed (Benetazzo et al., 2013, Carniel et al., 2016, Ricchi et al., 2016, Ricchi et al., 2017, Bonaldo et al., 2017).File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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