The ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) induces satiety and increase of energy expenditure in rodents and human through a leptin-like activation of the Jak-STAT3 signaling pathway. Recent studies demonstrated that CNTF is constitutively produced by hypothalamic glial cells and that its expression is up-regulated in obese mice. By immunohistochemistry studies, we demonstrated that after systemic treatment, rat recombinant CNTF induced activation of STAT1 and STAT5 in the tuberal hypothalamus of mice, in particular in ependymal cells bordering the third ventricle floor and lateral recesses, and in median eminence β-tanycytes and glial cells. Moreover, STAT activation was accompanied by c-Fos expression in β-tanycytes and median eminence cells of CNTF-treated mice. We tested the hypothesis that CNTF also affects the brainstem centers involved in energy homeostasis. In the area postrema of mice, as well as in the median eminence, CNTF activates STAT3, STAT1 and STAT5. Co-localization studies showed that a significant proportion of CNTF-responsive glial cells were also positive for immaturity and plasticity markers nestin and vimentin. After 120 min from the treatment, we observed a strong c-Fos expression in several neurons of the rostral and caudal solitary tract nucleus (NTS) and a weak c-Fos immunostaining in some cholinergic neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Treatment with CNTF (120 min, to induce c-Fos expression) and leptin (25 min, to induce STAT3 phosphorylation) demonstrated the co-localization of the two markers in a small percentage of neurons in the caudal NTS portion. In contrast to the high responsiveness to CNTF, in the area postrema CNTF immunoreactivity is weak and sparse, and mainly detected in glial cells of the funiculus separans and meninges. RT-qPCR in micropunched area postrema and hypothalamus mouse tissues highlights the big discrepancy between CNTF and CNTF receptor expression in both the two brain regions examined. In conclusion, CNTF represents a new satiety factor involved in the pathophysiological regulation of the energy balance that exerts a parallel and redundant action in hypothalamic and brainstem feeding centers.
Il fattore neurotrofico ciliare (CNTF) induce sazietà e aumento della spesa energetica nell’uomo e nei roditori, agendo a livello cellulare con un meccanismo simile a quello della leptina, attraverso la via di trasduzione Jak-STAT3. Studi recenti hanno evidenziato che nell’ipotalamo tuberale di topo il CNTF è espresso da cellule gliali e il suo meccanismo d’azione è potenziato in modelli sperimentali di obesità. Mediante studi di immunoistochimica, abbiamo dimostrato che la somministrazione di CNTF induce l’attivazione di STAT1 e STAT5 nell’ipotalamo tuberale, in particolare nelle cellule ependimali del terzo ventricolo, nei β-taniciti e cellule gliali dell’eminenza mediana. In questa sede, inoltre, il CNTF attiva il c-Fos, marker di attivazione cellulare. Abbiamo poi verificato l’ipotesi che il CNTF potesse agire anche a livello dei centri truncali, altra sede importante per il controllo del comportamento alimentare. Il CNTF nell’area postrema di topo, come nell’eminenza mediana, attiva STAT3, STAT1 e STAT5. Studi di co-localizzazione hanno evidenziato che gran parte di queste cellule gliali responsive al CNTF esprimono tipici marker di immaturità, nestina e vimentina. Dopo 120 minuti dal trattamento con CNTF abbiamo osservato una forte attivazione di c-Fos nei neuroni del nucleo del tratto solitario e una debole attivazione dello stesso marker in alcuni neuroni colinergici del nucleo motore dorsale del vago. Il doppio trattamento con CNTF (120 minuti, per indurre espressione di c-Fos) e con leptina (25 minuti, per indurre fosforilazione di STAT3) ha permesso di dimostrare la co-localizzazione dei due marker in una piccola popolazione di neuroni nella porzione caudale del nucleo del tratto solitario. Inoltre, nell’area postrema, si evidenzia una notevole discrepanza tra le numerose cellule responsive al CNTF e quelle che lo producono, le quali sono poche cellule gliali situate nel funiculus separans e nelle meningi. Questo disaccoppiamento tra espressione del CNTF e del suo recettore è stato confermato da studi di RT-qPCR, sia a livello dell’area postrema che dell’ipotalamo. Il CNTF rappresenta quindi un nuovo fattore di sazietà coinvolto nella regolazione del bilancio energetico che esercita un’azione parallela e ridondante a livello dell’ipotalamo e del tronco encefalico.
Action of ciliary neurotrophic factor on mouse brain feeding centers / Senzacqua, Martina. - (2018 Mar 15).
Action of ciliary neurotrophic factor on mouse brain feeding centers
SENZACQUA, MARTINA
2018-03-15
Abstract
The ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) induces satiety and increase of energy expenditure in rodents and human through a leptin-like activation of the Jak-STAT3 signaling pathway. Recent studies demonstrated that CNTF is constitutively produced by hypothalamic glial cells and that its expression is up-regulated in obese mice. By immunohistochemistry studies, we demonstrated that after systemic treatment, rat recombinant CNTF induced activation of STAT1 and STAT5 in the tuberal hypothalamus of mice, in particular in ependymal cells bordering the third ventricle floor and lateral recesses, and in median eminence β-tanycytes and glial cells. Moreover, STAT activation was accompanied by c-Fos expression in β-tanycytes and median eminence cells of CNTF-treated mice. We tested the hypothesis that CNTF also affects the brainstem centers involved in energy homeostasis. In the area postrema of mice, as well as in the median eminence, CNTF activates STAT3, STAT1 and STAT5. Co-localization studies showed that a significant proportion of CNTF-responsive glial cells were also positive for immaturity and plasticity markers nestin and vimentin. After 120 min from the treatment, we observed a strong c-Fos expression in several neurons of the rostral and caudal solitary tract nucleus (NTS) and a weak c-Fos immunostaining in some cholinergic neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Treatment with CNTF (120 min, to induce c-Fos expression) and leptin (25 min, to induce STAT3 phosphorylation) demonstrated the co-localization of the two markers in a small percentage of neurons in the caudal NTS portion. In contrast to the high responsiveness to CNTF, in the area postrema CNTF immunoreactivity is weak and sparse, and mainly detected in glial cells of the funiculus separans and meninges. RT-qPCR in micropunched area postrema and hypothalamus mouse tissues highlights the big discrepancy between CNTF and CNTF receptor expression in both the two brain regions examined. In conclusion, CNTF represents a new satiety factor involved in the pathophysiological regulation of the energy balance that exerts a parallel and redundant action in hypothalamic and brainstem feeding centers.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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