Fermentation is one of the oldest biotechnological approaches used in food conservation; it consists of a conversion of organic compounds by enzymes of microbial, plant or animal origin. Fermented foods are strongly linked to culture and tradition, especially in rural areas. They are characterized by improved nutritional value, organoleptic properties, acceptability and palatability for consumers as well as by an extended shelf life. The aim of this PhD research was to investigate the microbial diversity and dynamics of both traditional (Caciofiore della Sibilla cheese and Fabriano-like sausage) and innovative fermented foods (yogurt-like beverages and bread produced with type II sourdough) and to characterize these products for their physical-chemical and sensory profile. More specifically, the impact of an unexplored milk coagulant obtained from Carlina acanthifolia All. subsp. acanthifolia on the microbial dynamics and diversity of Caciofiore della Sibilla cheese was investigated by a polyphasic molecular approach based on culture-dependent and DNA-based techniques. The impact of nitrates and nitrites on the dynamics of metabolically active bacterial communities of a Fabriano-like sausage was also evaluated by cDNA analysis by using a polyphasic molecular approach. Moreover, experimental breads produced at a laboratory scale with type 2 soft wheat flours and type II sourdoughs were analysed to evaluate the microbial dynamics during leavening, as well as their physical-chemical and sensory traits. In the final part of thesis, non-alcoholic yogurt-like beverages were first produced at laboratory scale using three different cereal-based substrates (red rice, buckwheat and barley) and selected strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and further subjected to microbiological, physical-chemical and sensory analyses.
La fermentazione è uno dei metodi più antichi utilizzati nella conservazione degli alimenti, caratterizzata da una conversione lenta dei composti organici mediata da microrganismi o enzimi di origine vegetale o animale. I cibi fermentati sono fortemente legati alla cultura e alla tradizione di un paese soprattutto nelle aree rurali. Il processo fermentativo migliora il valore nutrizionale degli alimenti, le caratteristiche organolettiche, l’accettabilità e l’appetibilità per i consumatori e prolunga la shelf life dei prodotti stessi. Il presente lavoro di Dottorato di Ricerca ha avuto l’obiettivo di caratterizzare il profilo chimico-fisico e sensoriale e di valutare la diversità e la dinamica microbica di prodotti fermentati tradizionali (formaggio Caciofiore della Sibilla e salame tipo Fabriano) e prodotti fermentati innovativi (bevande fermentate analcoliche sperimentali e pane prodotto con impasti acidi di tipo II). In dettaglio, per il formaggio Caciofiore della Sibilla è stato valutato l’impatto del coagulante vegetale ottenuto da Carlina acanthifolia All. subsp. acanthifolia sulla dinamica e la diversità microbica attraverso un approccio polifasico basato su tecniche cultura-indipendenti e tecniche cultura-dipendenti. Analogamente, per i salami tipo Fabriano l'impatto della concentrazione dei nitrati e dei nitriti sulla dinamica delle comunità batteriche metabolicamente attive è stato valutato mediante approccio polifasico basato sull'analisi del cDNA. Il pane prodotto su scala di laboratorio, utilizzando farine di grano tenero di tipo 2 e impasto acido di tipo II è stato analizzato da un punto di vista chimico-fisico, sensoriale e microbiologico. Infine, tre bevande sperimentali fermentate non alcoliche a base di riso rosso, grano saraceno e orzo sono state prodotte attraverso fermentazione guidata da specie selezionate di batteri lattici e caratterizzate mediante analisi microbiologiche, chimico-fisiche e sensoriali.
Fermented foods: from tradition to innovation / Cardinali, Federica. - (2018 Mar 22).
Fermented foods: from tradition to innovation
CARDINALI, FEDERICA
2018-03-22
Abstract
Fermentation is one of the oldest biotechnological approaches used in food conservation; it consists of a conversion of organic compounds by enzymes of microbial, plant or animal origin. Fermented foods are strongly linked to culture and tradition, especially in rural areas. They are characterized by improved nutritional value, organoleptic properties, acceptability and palatability for consumers as well as by an extended shelf life. The aim of this PhD research was to investigate the microbial diversity and dynamics of both traditional (Caciofiore della Sibilla cheese and Fabriano-like sausage) and innovative fermented foods (yogurt-like beverages and bread produced with type II sourdough) and to characterize these products for their physical-chemical and sensory profile. More specifically, the impact of an unexplored milk coagulant obtained from Carlina acanthifolia All. subsp. acanthifolia on the microbial dynamics and diversity of Caciofiore della Sibilla cheese was investigated by a polyphasic molecular approach based on culture-dependent and DNA-based techniques. The impact of nitrates and nitrites on the dynamics of metabolically active bacterial communities of a Fabriano-like sausage was also evaluated by cDNA analysis by using a polyphasic molecular approach. Moreover, experimental breads produced at a laboratory scale with type 2 soft wheat flours and type II sourdoughs were analysed to evaluate the microbial dynamics during leavening, as well as their physical-chemical and sensory traits. In the final part of thesis, non-alcoholic yogurt-like beverages were first produced at laboratory scale using three different cereal-based substrates (red rice, buckwheat and barley) and selected strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and further subjected to microbiological, physical-chemical and sensory analyses.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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