Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection, often chronic and characterized by recurrent exacerbations, is the main cause of mortality in cystic fibrosis. Although its main dynamics have been defined, many features still represent a riddle for the microbiological research, in particular: the insurgence of possible persister or dormant bacterial forms, possibly involved in the infection recurrence, and the identification of their inducing factors and regulatory genetic pathways; the characterization of the main antibiotic resistance mechanisms and of their putative inhibitors, to develop novel antibiotic treatments against multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa strains. This thesis project has allowed the investigation of these topics, providing the following results: I) the development of an efficient and reliable molecular diagnostic protocol, able to detect P. aeruginosa presence, even the viable but non-culturable forms, in cystic fibrosis sputum samples; II) these forms have been subsequently induced in in vitro P. aeruginosa biofilms, exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics usually adopted in P. aeruginosa infections treatment; III) the study of the role of specific regulatory genetic pathways in the formation of bacterial persister cell forms, responsible for the infection recurrence; IV) the definition of the contribution of efflux pumps to P. aeruginosa antibiotic resistance and the identification of 3 putative efflux pumps inhibitors, to be used in combination with antibiotics against the main efflux systems of this pathogen in multidrug resistant strains. The obtained data have provided new insights on the dynamics of P. aeruginosa pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis and allow the development of new therapeutic protocols, to limit the pathogen infectiveness and mortality and to assure a better life expectansy to cystic fibrosis patients.
L’infezione polmonare da Pseudomonas aeruginosa, caratterizzata da cronicità e ricorrenti infiammazioni polmonari, costituisce la principale causa di mortalità nella fibrosi cistica. Nonostante ne siano note le principali dinamiche, alcuni aspetti microbiologici devono essere ancora descritti nel dettaglio, in particolare: la presenza di eventuali forme batteriche persistenti e dormienti, probabile causa di infezioni ricorrenti, e l’identificazione di fattori e pattern genetici coinvolti nella loro induzione e mantenimento. Altre problematiche non ancora chiarite risultano la caratterizzazione dei principali meccanismi di antibioticoresistenza e l’identificazione di possibili inibitori, al fine di sviluppare trattamenti antibiotici in grado di contrastare l’insorgenza di ceppi multiresistenti. Il presente lavoro di tesi ha permesso lo studio e l’approfondimento di tali tematiche, fornendo i seguenti risultati: I) lo sviluppo di un efficiente ed affidabile protocollo di diagnosi molecolare, in grado di rilevare P. aeruginosa e le possibili forme vitali ma non coltivabili, in campioni di espettorato di pazienti affetti da fibrosi cistica; II) l’induzione di tali forme in modelli in vitro di biofilm, soggetti a concentrazioni subinibenti di farmaci comunemente utilizzati nel trattamento delle infezioni da P. aeruginosa; III) lo studio della regolazione genica nell’insorgenza di popolazioni batteriche persistenti; IV) la caratterizzazione delle pompe di efflusso come determinanti di antibioticoresistenza in P. aeruginosa e l’identificazione di tre possibili inibitori dei principali sistemi di efflusso del patogeno, da usare in combinazione con antibiotici. I dati ottenuti forniscono nuove informazioni sulle dinamiche dell’infezione da P. aeruginosa e permettono lo sviluppo di protocolli terapeutici adeguati a contrastare lo sviluppo e la persistenza del patogeno, assicurando una migliore aspettativa di vita ai pazienti affetti da fibrosi cistica.
Unravelling antibiotic resistance and persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cystic fibrosis pulmonary infections / Mangiaterra, Gianmarco. - (2018 Feb 22).
Unravelling antibiotic resistance and persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cystic fibrosis pulmonary infections
MANGIATERRA, GIANMARCO
2018-02-22
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection, often chronic and characterized by recurrent exacerbations, is the main cause of mortality in cystic fibrosis. Although its main dynamics have been defined, many features still represent a riddle for the microbiological research, in particular: the insurgence of possible persister or dormant bacterial forms, possibly involved in the infection recurrence, and the identification of their inducing factors and regulatory genetic pathways; the characterization of the main antibiotic resistance mechanisms and of their putative inhibitors, to develop novel antibiotic treatments against multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa strains. This thesis project has allowed the investigation of these topics, providing the following results: I) the development of an efficient and reliable molecular diagnostic protocol, able to detect P. aeruginosa presence, even the viable but non-culturable forms, in cystic fibrosis sputum samples; II) these forms have been subsequently induced in in vitro P. aeruginosa biofilms, exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics usually adopted in P. aeruginosa infections treatment; III) the study of the role of specific regulatory genetic pathways in the formation of bacterial persister cell forms, responsible for the infection recurrence; IV) the definition of the contribution of efflux pumps to P. aeruginosa antibiotic resistance and the identification of 3 putative efflux pumps inhibitors, to be used in combination with antibiotics against the main efflux systems of this pathogen in multidrug resistant strains. The obtained data have provided new insights on the dynamics of P. aeruginosa pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis and allow the development of new therapeutic protocols, to limit the pathogen infectiveness and mortality and to assure a better life expectansy to cystic fibrosis patients.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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