Regenerative medicine involves the use of living cells to repair, replace or restore normal function to injured tissues and organ. With the field of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) research taking off in the late 1980’s and the early 1990’s, scientists highlighted the importance of adult MSCs for regenerative medicine applications, and identified their presence in all adult tissues. Among MSCs, MSCs derived from fetal tissues (bone marrow, blood and liver) and extra-embryonic compartments (amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood, amniotic membrane, chorion and placenta) are promising in cell-based therapies because of their beneficial properties in wound healing. Moreover, these tissues are ideal sources for studying the features of stem cell characteristics due to the possibility of harvesting large amount of tissue, without posing ethical debate, following prenatal diagnosis (as in the case of chorion from chorionic villi sampling and amniotic fluid from amniocentesis) or at birth (as in the case of amniotic membrane). In addition, MSCs isolated from fetal sources non only fulfill general characteristic of MSCs but exhibit features of embryonic stem cells including the expression of specific pluripotent markers. In fact, they possess higher proliferation rates, lower immunogenicity and wider differentiation capacity than their adult counterparts as well as immuno- suppressive and modulatory properties. Scarce information on the behavior of MSCs from different stages of human gestation are so far available. The first aim of this study was the isolation of MSCs from fetal (extra-embryonic) tissues during first- second- and third- gestation period and their long-term culturing; secondly, the detection of the common features between chorionic villi (CV), amniotic fluid (AF) and amniotic membrane (AM)-derived MSCs; thirdly, the observation of differences in phenotype, proliferative capacity, differentiation ability as well as in the immuno-suppressive/immuno-modulatory properties among them.
La medicina “rigenerativa” ha come scopo quello di riparare o ripristinare la funzionalità di organi o tessuti danneggiati da malattie, traumi o dal “semplice” invecchiamento mediante l’utilizzo di cellule staminali. Una linea cellulare staminale molto importante e molto utilizzata in approcci di medicina rigenerativa è costituita dalle staminali adulte o staminali mesenchimali. Il midollo osseo e il tessuto adiposo sono stati considerati, per lungo tempo, la principale fonte di staminali mesenchimali adulte. Tuttavia le staminali adulte prevedono tecniche di prelievo invasive, non prive di complicazioni, e la coltura richiede diverse settimane; inoltre, possiedono limitate capacità di proliferazione e differenziaamento che sono inversamente proporzionali all’età del donatore. Da qui l’interesse, per il clinico, di nuove fonti cellulari. La recente scoperta in campo umano dell’esistenza di staminali mesenchimali nei tessuti fetali ha reso queste cellule molto interessanti agli occhi dell’intera comunità scientifica. I tessuti fetali sono di facile accesso perchè solitamente eliminati alla nascita, non richiedono procedure invasive, il loro utilizzo non suscita controversie etico-morali e inoltre le staminali isolte da tali tessuti sono caratterizzate da proliferazione più rapida, una maggiore espansione in vitro e da un notevole potenziale differenziativo. Alla luce di queste considerazioni, l’obiettivo principale di questo studio è stato quello di recuperare cellule staminali mesenchimali da tessuti fetali umani extraembrionali (il villo coriale, il liquido amniotico e la membrana amniotica) durante 3 diverse epoche gestazionali e mantenerle in coltura per un lungo periodo. Allo scopo di verificare se l’età gestazionale influenzasse le proprietà di staminalità, le staminali isolate da tali tessuti sono state confrontate nel fenotipo, nella espressione del markers specifici di pluripotenza e mesenchimalità, nel potenziale proliferativo, differenziativo e immunosoppressivo e immunomodulatorio.
Human chorionic villus, amniotic fluid and amniotic membrane: Three different gestational tissues as source of valuable mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative medicine applications / Pistillo, ROSSELLA, SOCCORSA. - (2018 Feb 22).
Human chorionic villus, amniotic fluid and amniotic membrane: Three different gestational tissues as source of valuable mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative medicine applications
PISTILLO, ROSSELLA, SOCCORSA
2018-02-22
Abstract
Regenerative medicine involves the use of living cells to repair, replace or restore normal function to injured tissues and organ. With the field of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) research taking off in the late 1980’s and the early 1990’s, scientists highlighted the importance of adult MSCs for regenerative medicine applications, and identified their presence in all adult tissues. Among MSCs, MSCs derived from fetal tissues (bone marrow, blood and liver) and extra-embryonic compartments (amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood, amniotic membrane, chorion and placenta) are promising in cell-based therapies because of their beneficial properties in wound healing. Moreover, these tissues are ideal sources for studying the features of stem cell characteristics due to the possibility of harvesting large amount of tissue, without posing ethical debate, following prenatal diagnosis (as in the case of chorion from chorionic villi sampling and amniotic fluid from amniocentesis) or at birth (as in the case of amniotic membrane). In addition, MSCs isolated from fetal sources non only fulfill general characteristic of MSCs but exhibit features of embryonic stem cells including the expression of specific pluripotent markers. In fact, they possess higher proliferation rates, lower immunogenicity and wider differentiation capacity than their adult counterparts as well as immuno- suppressive and modulatory properties. Scarce information on the behavior of MSCs from different stages of human gestation are so far available. The first aim of this study was the isolation of MSCs from fetal (extra-embryonic) tissues during first- second- and third- gestation period and their long-term culturing; secondly, the detection of the common features between chorionic villi (CV), amniotic fluid (AF) and amniotic membrane (AM)-derived MSCs; thirdly, the observation of differences in phenotype, proliferative capacity, differentiation ability as well as in the immuno-suppressive/immuno-modulatory properties among them.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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