SUDEP (Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy) is the most devastating outcome in epilepsy and the commonest cause of epilepsy-related premature mortality. Studies of clinical risk factors have allowed identifying high-risk populations. However no genomic, electrophysiological or structural features have emerged as established biomarkers of an increased SUDEP risk. To elucidate the genetic architecture of SUDEP, we used an unbiased whole-exome sequencing approach to examine overall burden and over-representation of deleterious variants in people who died of SUDEP compared to living people with epilepsy and non-epilepsy disease controls. We found significantly increased genome-wide polygenic burden per individual in the SUDEP cohort when compared to epilepsy and non-epilepsy disease controls. The polygenic burden was driven both by the number of variants per individual, and overrepresentation of variants likely to be deleterious in the SUDEP cohort. To elucidate which brain regions may be implicated in SUDEP, we investigated whether regional abnormalities in grey matter volume appear in those who died of SUDEP, compared to subjects at high and low risk for SUDEP, and healthy controls. We identified increased grey matter volume in the right anterior hippocampus/amygdala and parahippocampus in SUDEP cases and people at high risk, when compared to those at low risk and controls. Compared to controls, posterior thalamic grey matter volume, an area mediating oxygen regulation, was reduced in SUDEP cases and subjects at high risk. It is fundamental to understand the range of SUDEP aetiological mechanisms. Our results suggest that both exome sequencing data and structural imaging features may contribute to generate SUDEP risk estimates. Translation of this knowledge into predictive algorithms of individual risk and preventive strategies would promote stratified medicine in epilepsy, with the aim of reducing an individual patient's risk of SUDEP.
La SUDEP (Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy) è una complicanza devastante dell’epilessia e rappresenta la più comune causa di mortalità prematura in epilessia. Studi volti alla definizione di fattori di rischio clinici hanno permesso di identificare gruppi ad alto rischio. Tuttavia al momento non esistono validati biomarkers genomici, elettrofisiologici o strutturali predittivi di aumentato rischio di SUDEP. Al fine di definire la base genetica della SUDEP, abbiamo condotto una analisi di sequenziamento esomico per esaminare la prevalenza di varianti con effetto deleterio in soggetti deceduti per SUDEP rispetto a pazienti epilettici non deceduti e controlli con altre patologie. Abbiamo riscontrato una prevalenza significativamente aumentata di varianti deleterie diffuse a livello dell’intero genoma nei soggetti deceduti per SUDEP in confronto agli altri gruppi. Un secondo studio di neuroimaging è stato dedicato alla valutazione di anomalie regionali del volume della sostanza grigia in soggetti deceduti per SUDEP, confrontati con soggetti epilettici viventi rispettivamente ad alto e basso rischio per SUDEP, e controlli sani. Abbiamo riscontrato un aumento del volume della sostanza grigia in emisfero destro a livello di amigdala, parte anteriore dell’ippocampo e paraippocampo nei soggetti deceduti per SUDEP e nei soggetti ad alto rischio, rispetto ai soggetti a basso rischio ed ai controlli. Sia il sequenziamento esomico sia il neuroimaging strutturale hanno fornito dati significativi per il profilo di rischio di SUDEP. La definizione dei meccanismi eziologici della SUDEP è fondamentale. La traslazione di tali dati in algoritmi predittivi di rischio individuale consente di promuovere la ‘medicina personalizzata’, allo scopo di adottare strategie preventive e ridurre il rischio individuale di SUDEP in pazienti con epilessia.
Biomarkers of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) / Balestrini, Simona. - (2017 Mar 01).
Biomarkers of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP)
BALESTRINI, SIMONA
2017-03-01
Abstract
SUDEP (Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy) is the most devastating outcome in epilepsy and the commonest cause of epilepsy-related premature mortality. Studies of clinical risk factors have allowed identifying high-risk populations. However no genomic, electrophysiological or structural features have emerged as established biomarkers of an increased SUDEP risk. To elucidate the genetic architecture of SUDEP, we used an unbiased whole-exome sequencing approach to examine overall burden and over-representation of deleterious variants in people who died of SUDEP compared to living people with epilepsy and non-epilepsy disease controls. We found significantly increased genome-wide polygenic burden per individual in the SUDEP cohort when compared to epilepsy and non-epilepsy disease controls. The polygenic burden was driven both by the number of variants per individual, and overrepresentation of variants likely to be deleterious in the SUDEP cohort. To elucidate which brain regions may be implicated in SUDEP, we investigated whether regional abnormalities in grey matter volume appear in those who died of SUDEP, compared to subjects at high and low risk for SUDEP, and healthy controls. We identified increased grey matter volume in the right anterior hippocampus/amygdala and parahippocampus in SUDEP cases and people at high risk, when compared to those at low risk and controls. Compared to controls, posterior thalamic grey matter volume, an area mediating oxygen regulation, was reduced in SUDEP cases and subjects at high risk. It is fundamental to understand the range of SUDEP aetiological mechanisms. Our results suggest that both exome sequencing data and structural imaging features may contribute to generate SUDEP risk estimates. Translation of this knowledge into predictive algorithms of individual risk and preventive strategies would promote stratified medicine in epilepsy, with the aim of reducing an individual patient's risk of SUDEP.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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